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41. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
Hyuk Kim Social Entrepreneurship in the Global Perspective: Internationalization of Social Entrepreneurship and Global Sustainable Development
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First, this research paper aims to provide a clearer definition of social entrepreneurship, identifying boundaries and providing examples of social entrepreneurship. Second, this research paper examines more fully the rationale for the emergence of new global social ventures, particularly in terms of the forces shaping the globalization of social entrepreneurship. Finally, this research paper aims to introduce a new social entrepreneurship model for global sustainable development, analyzing the relationship between social entrepreneurship and global sustainable development. This new social entrepreneurship model is presented through the introduction of the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC).
42. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
Caddie Putnam Rankin, Harry Van Buren, Orcid-ID Michelle Westermann-Behaylo Corporate Compassion in Disaster Relief: Lessons from 2005 and 2010
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When natural disasters strike, a network of individuals, aid agencies, and corporations join together in a humanitarian effort to provide relief and recovery to those in need. Corporations, in particular, have played an increasing role in disaster assistance by providing financial support, goods, services, and logistic coordination (Muller and Whiteman 2009). Previous research has addressed corporate responses to disaster by investigating the factors that impact the likelihood of giving. Instead of focusing on the likelihood of corporate action, or inaction, we address how different types of compassion are employed by corporations when they engage in disaster relief. We investigate how the use of language signals either strategic or altruistic compassion.
43. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
Julio Sesma, Bryan W. Husted, Jerry Banks Measuring Corporate Social Performance: Using Social Media to Assess Stakeholder Satisfaction
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Corporate social performance (CSP) has been studied extensively by business and society scholars, yet most approaches to its measurement continue to be ambiguous, controversial and difficult to use (Wood, 2010). In this paper, we propose measuring CSP via the construct of stakeholder satisfaction through social media like Facebook and Twitter. We argue that the satisfaction of stakeholder expectations can be explained with organizational justice theory particularly in the exercise of voice by stakeholders when they perceive unjust behavior on the part of the firm. We test our idea using event study methodology with a sample of 5,440 observations from ten U.S. companies: We found some evidence for the sensitivity of social media to social events of interest to Twitter users.
44. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
Mercy Berman, Jeanne M. Logsdon Business Participation in Regulatory Reform: Responses to Obama’s Executive Order 13563
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President Barack Obama ordered federal regulatory agencies to engage in a retrospective regulatory review process in early 2011. This paper reports the initial results of an analysis of participation in the notice and comment process by business and public interest groups. The focus of the analysis is on comments given to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Some attention is given to the EPA’s identification of regulations to be reviewed, as a result of this process.
45. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
Jonathan Bundy, Michael D. Pfarrer The Persistence of Defensive Firm Response Strategies to Crises: A Discussion of Explanations and Implications
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This discussion paper explores the explanations and implications of defensive response strategies used to manage organizational crises. Current research is highlighted and future research directions are proposed. Key areas for future research include investigating long-term repercussions of defensive strategies, examining multistakeholder perspectives, and exploring ethical questions related to being defensive.
46. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
John M. Holcomb Corruption and Campaign Finance Law
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This paper explains and criticizes the definition of corruption used by the U.S. Supreme Court in its campaign finance decisions and proposes components of a new definition to be applied by the Court. The paper also offers a preliminary assessment of the impact of the Citizens United v. FEC decision of 2010, and suggests that much of the analysis to date has been inaccurate or superficial. Further, given the Court’s expansive analysis and application of the First Amendment to corporate political activities in its latest decisions, the paper also suggests alternative checks on corporate political power related to shareholder activism and corporate governance.
47. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
Julie Fitzmaurice, Mark Cordano, Timothy E. Martinson, Alice V. Wise Greens in the Vines: The Role of Consumers’ Environmental Concerns Regarding Inclination to Make Wine Purchases
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A survey was conducted in a naturalistic setting, within wine tasting rooms, to explore how consumers' sustainability attitudes and subjective norms influence their decision to purchase wines from wineries which have adopted an environmental management program. The results indicate that both are significant predictors of intentions and explain over half of the variation in intentions to purchase. In addition, identifying environmental organization members is a useful approach in identifying a segment of consumers having stronger levels of these antecedents and, therefore, more likely to purchase from wineries using sustainable grape growing practices (than non-members) Consumers who are environmental organization members are more likely to be interested in organic products, as well. Information on sustainable grape growing practices is relevant and influential for a specific segment of consumers, those consumers more passionate about the environment, and increases their intentions to purchase from wineries who have adopted these practices.
48. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
Alice Anberrée What Personal Responsibilities Facilitate the Construction of a Cultural Democracy? Involvement of the Public in the Construction of a Cultural Democracy: Improvements and Constraints
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In France a difference has been established between cultural popularization and cultural democracy. The former is aimed at spreading works of art in as large a way as possible; the latter emphasizes the participation of the public. From there, we argue that moving from cultural popularization towards cultural democracy can lead to a shift in responsibilities from professionals towards the general public. With reference to the theoretical background of reception, appropriation and participation, we lead a participant observation on three different fields in order to understand what facilitates and what constrains this shift. This leads us to stress the importance of developing an adequate organizational framework.
49. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
Judith Schrempf, Guido Palazzo Historic Corporate Responsibility
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During the last years, historic injustices have been on top of the public agenda revolving around the question of how to deal with difficult pasts. This applies togovernments but also to corporations. We aim at addressing this trend of historic corporate responsibility. We examine corporations as intergenerational moral agents, introduce the problem of historic complicity, and propose a concept of historic corporate responsibility.
50. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
Raed Elaydi, Josetta S. McLaughlin Relational Capacity and Firm Performance: A Stakeholder-Relational Perspective
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Relational capacity is the ability to develop and maintain the desired relationships with stakeholders by creating network, information and reciprocityadvantages. It aligns stakeholder theory with relational contract theory, social network analysis and related research streams to develop a “stakeholder-relational-perspective” of firm performance. This perspective views firm relationships built on relational capacity as heterogeneous, flexible and capable of becoming stronger over time. The assumption is that organizations with strong relational capacity can better leverage firm relationships to gain a sustained competitive advantage.
51. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
Meredith Church, Martin Meznar Educating for Empathy and Action: The Impact of Study Abroad on Individual Social Responsibility and Global Citizenship
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Global citizenship is a positive outcome often associated with participation in study abroad. One essential building block of global citizenship is a sense of empathy toward those of other cultures. This paper proposes a study of variables that may increase intercultural empathy and global citizenship due to a study abroad experience. Proposed variables contributing to intercultural empathy include integration with the host culture, program duration, the economic and cultural distance of the host country, and the incorporation of guided reflection and cultural study in the program content. The proposed study aims to provide guidelines that can be used in designing future study abroad programs to increase students’ sense of individual social responsibility.
52. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
2012 Conference Attendees
53. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
Gordon Rands Remarks by the Conference Chair
54. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
Gerald McLaughlin, Josetta McLaughlin, Jacqueline McLaughlin Rethinking Diversity Metrics and Indices: Alternative Approaches for Social Reporting
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This paper focuses on development of a composite diversity index that is appropriate for use in social reporting. Critics of currents methods argue that simplecounts of race or other attributes for measuring diversity are not sufficient for measuring the complexities of a diverse workplace. To address this criticism, broader and more appropriate diversity indices based on probability and multiple measures are demonstrated by applying quantitative models developed in biodiversity and political science research. US IPEDS data, available for more than 4,500 higher education institutions, are used to demonstrate the model. The paper sets the stage for diversity reporting by describing selected reporting frameworks and relevant court rulings.
55. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
2012 Conference Reviewers
56. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
About these Proceedings
57. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
R. Spencer Foster Fertile Ground: A Social Network Analysis of Generations of the Environmental Movement
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The environmental movement continues to be a dynamic force for protection of the environment despite new organizations emerging from the “birthing” process of the formation of new groups via factions and schisms. I focus on two aspects of the evolution of the environmental movement: how do new organizations emerge from existing environmental groups via benevolent or divisive mechanisms; and, which organizations produce new organizations? I develop a family tree of the American environmental movement from 1955 – 2005 and identify the mechanisms that result in the formation of new organizations from a sample of 48 environmental organizations. I use social network analysis to identify which environmental organizations were most likely to produce new groups and set the stage for future inquiries into how new environmental organizations reestablish and maintain connections with their progenitors.
58. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
Aimee Dars Ellis, Michael McCall For Me or for You? The Relative Power of Rebates for a Cause
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In traditional rebates, consumers submit proof of purchase for an item and then receive a portion of the purchase price, usually in the form of a check or gift card. In contrast, when a consumer redeems a cause rebate, a cash reward is given not to the consumer but to a non-profit organization (Ellis & McCall, 2011). In this paper, we aim to determine the attitudes toward and effectiveness of cause rebates versus traditional rebates. This will help marketers develop more effective rebate programs for their products. We also will investigate characteristics of consumers more likely to redeem cause rebates. Cause rebates represent a mechanism by which businesses can promote personal responsibility on the part of consumers and help draw attention to and raise funds for social and environmental issues.
59. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
Karen Paul Online Business Ethics/Business and Society Courses: Notes on Personal Responsibility from the Virtual Classroom
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Online teaching is consistent with the educational tradition of extension and distance learning, but its recent expansion creates new issues, especially in teaching business ethics/business and society. Students, professors, and especially administrators benefit greatly from some aspects of online learning. Online learning has such advantages over the traditional classroom in logistical flexibility and cost efficiency that decision-making may become overly pragmatic. There are special challenges in teaching business ethics/business and society online, as the subject matter requires nuanced judgment rather than right-or-wrong answers.
60. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 2012
Karen Paul, Rajat Panwar Where Does Legitimacy Come From? The Role of Company Ownership Type, Perceived Capacity, and Ideology
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Business legitimacy is important for any business, especially in times of economic downturn and increased media attention on corporate scandals. However,legitimacy is a quality that comes from society itself, sometimes influenced by the actions or image of the firm, but also rooted in the basic cultural values of the population. This study takes “legitimacy gap” as its dependent variable, defining it as the difference between expected and observed levels of social and environmental performance for both publicly-traded and family-owned business. The study was conducted with a random sample using mailed surveys, and was oriented towards the forest products sector. Results indicate that family-owned businesses have lower legitimacy gaps (therefore, higher legitimacy) than publicly-traded companies, especially when the latter are considered very profitable. These findings were especially strong for women and for respondentswith a high social responsibility (SRO) orientation.