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41. The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly: Volume > 13 > Issue: 4
Colloquy
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Deacon John M. Travaline, MD Medicine
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Science Abstracts
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Medicine Abstracts
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Rev. Kevin L. Flannery, SJ Two Factors in the Analysis of Cooperation in Evil
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The purpose of this essay is to explain what the terms “formal cooperation” and “material cooperation” mean in the thought of St. Alphonsus Liguori, who is a pivotal figure in the Church’s tradition of reflection on cooperation and is often referenced when the distinction between formal and material cooperation in evil is discussed. The author explains why—and to some extent when—mainstream Catholic moralists who associate themselves with Alphonsus speak of some cooperation as formal and other cooperation as material. Specifically, he discusses two factors that are essential for the analysis of cooperation in evil—(1) the meaning of the term “formal” and (2) the role of “segments of intelligibility” in determining what is material rather than formal cooperation. National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 13.4 (Winter 2013): 663–675.
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Index to Volume 13
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Philosophy and Theology Abstracts
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Rebecca Peck, MD, Rev. Juan R. Vélez, MD The Postovulatory Mechanism of Action of Plan B: A Review of the Scientific Literature
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Levonorgestrel is widely used as emergency contraception, yet much confusion surrounds its use. Consensus statements and reviews typically attribute its efficacy to prefertilization mechanisms of action (MOAs), such as suppression of ovulation and interference with cervical mucus or sperm function, yet studies do not rule out a postovulatory MOA. To yield greater clarity, the authors review recent scientific studies examining the MOAs of LNG-EC. They conclude that LNG-EC exerts minimal effects on cervical mucus and sperm function and that suppression of ovulation is not the dominant MOA accounting for the contraceptive efficacy of LNG-EC. Luteal deficiencies and endometrial changes reported in the literature strongly suggest a postovulatory MOA when LNG-EC is given during the critical preovulatory (or fertile) period. National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 13.4 (Winter 2013): 677–716.
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Michael Augros, Christopher Oleson St. Thomas and the Naturalistic Fallacy
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Certain scholars wish to acquit St. Thomas Aquinas of the “illicit inference from facts to norms” commonly referred to as the naturalistic fallacy. Seeing in certain passages his awareness of illegitimate ways to derive morality from natural ends, many have come to read Aquinas as agreeing with the view that knowledge of the moral order does not derive from knowledge of human nature and of the natural ends of its parts and powers. This paper aims to expose the deficiencies of this reading as a way of bringing more fully into view the whole thought of Aquinas on the question. National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 13.4 (Winter 2013): 637–661.
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Christopher Kaczor Philosophy and Theology
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E. David Cook, Katherine Wasson The Common Good and Common Harm
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This article offers a critical examination of the notion of the common good in Catholic social ethical teaching, comparing this concept with utilitarianism and examining parallels between them and common critiques of both. Rather than focusing on the common good and trying to reach agreement on its content as a maximum standard for persons and communities in society, we argue that it is preferable to focus on the common harm. The common harm serves as a minimum standard of what causes harm to individuals and communities in society and should be avoided. The common harm provides both a conceptually sound and practically achievable construct for contributing positively to the social ethical discussion in an increasingly secular society. National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 13.4 (Winter 2013): 617–623.
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Pope John Paul II A Call to Safeguard the Human Person: Address to the Participants in the World Congress of Catholic Physicians October 3, 1982
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John S. Howland, MD, Deacon Peter J. Gummere Challenging Common Practice in Advanced Dementia Care: A Fresh Look at Assisted Nutrition and Hydration
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The authors offer a fresh look at the debate about the use of assisted nutrition and hydration (ANH) in advanced dementia. The philosophical and ethical issues are presented. The importance of distinguishing basic care from medical acts is explained. A key question is addressed: Does ANH nourish and hydrate the patient with dementia? The ANH debate is placed in its cultural context and contrasted with the Catholic response. A clinical analysis of the evidence for benefit and harm of ANH in advanced dementia is given. The authors point out the lack of hard evidence against ANH, discuss questions that need further clinical research, and argue that there is sufficient evidence for a presumption, in principle, in favor of ANH in patients with advanced dementia. National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 14.1 (Spring 2014): 53–63.
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Rev. Richard Umbers Epistemic Authority: A Theory of Trust, Authority, and Autonomy in Belief by Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski
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Rachelle Barina Risk-Reducing Salpingectomy and Ovarian Cancer: Chasing Science, Changing Language, and Conserving Moral Content
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Following new scientific evidence, removal of the fallopian tubes or the ovaries, or both, are options for reducing the risk of ovarian cancer. This paper examines the new scientific evidence on the origin of ovarian cancer and argues that the removal of fallopian tubes or ovaries in high-risk patients for the purpose of reducing risk of cancer is not intrinsically disordered. Although a present and serious pathology may not exist, this removal constitutes an indirect sterilization, because the immediate and primary effect is the reduction in risk of a pathological condition. This effect occurs immediately, directly, and effectively, and sterilization is a secondary effect. The paper then reflects on the subsequent inadequacy of the language of “present and serious pathology” given the new evidence on ovarian cancer. National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 14.1 (Spring 2014): 67–79.
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Vince A. Punzo Dignity Therapy: Final Words for Final Days by Harvey Max Chochinov
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Richard M. Doerflinger Testimony on Behalf of the USCCB on the No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act
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Greg F. Burke, MD Medicine
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Christopher Kaczor Philosophy and Theology
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Rev. Robert E. Hurd, SJ, MD The Anticipatory Corpse: Medicine, Power, and the Care of the Dying by Jeffrey F. Bishop