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41. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 47 > Issue: 3
Alessio Tartaro The Dilemma of the Modern Mind and the Limits of Rules: Polanyi’s Criticism of Positivism (1946-1952)
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Starting in 1946, Polanyi begins to criticize a comprehensive system of ideas that he names positivism. His criticism is twofold. On the one hand, it has the narrow aim of pointing out the inconsistencies of a positivist account of science, according to which the essence of scientific objec­tivity lies in establishing rigorous mathematical relations between measured variables employing fixed rules. On the other hand, it examines the broad assumptions underlying this view, namely radical empiricism and skeptical doubt. The present paper analyzes both aspects of this criticism, stressing its crucial role in the development of Polanyi’s philosophy.
42. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 47 > Issue: 3
Eduardo Beira Michael Polanyi’s Social Theory and Economic Thought
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This review article continues the forum from Tradition and Discovery 47/1 (February 2021) on Gábor Bíró’s book, The Economic Thought of Michael Polanyi (London: Routledge, 2019; 178 pp. Hardback: 9780367245634, £120.00; eBook: 9780429283178, £22.50).
43. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 47 > Issue: 3
Stephen Turner The Human Face of Knowledge: A Response to Jacobs and Blum
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This is a brief response to comments by Struan Jacobs and Peter Blum on The Calling of Social Thought, Rediscovering the Work of Edward Shils, a recent collection of essays edited by Christopher Adair-Toteff and Stephen Turner. It identifies a distinctive contribution of Shils to the larger problem of the tacit.
44. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 47 > Issue: 3
Gábor István Bíró Orcid-ID Caught in the Crossfire: Michael Polanyi’s Economic Thought Between Socialism and Liberalism
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This response addresses some points raised by Eduardo Beira’s review article found in this issue of TAD and suggests new directions for future studies focusing on the economic thought of Michael Polanyi.
45. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 48 > Issue: 1
Collin D. Barnes A Polanyian Appraisal of Likert-Scale Measurement in Social Psychology
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Rating scales that link numbers to verbal labels are ubiquitous in social psychological research and are used to re-express individuals’ attitudes on wide-ranging matters in quantities that can be treated statistically. These re-expressions pay tribute to an objectivist framework, but at the expense of eclipsing the powers of personal knowing Polanyi attributes to other minds. This fact comes to the fore in the present paper through an investigation of Polanyi’s analysis of linguistic indeterminacy, indication and symbols, and the application of neurological models to persons who are competent to make sense of their own lives. Accrediting the result of this inquiry compels one dedicated to Polanyi’s thought to wonder how social psychology ought to be conceived. Clues to an answer appear in the educational bonds formed between mentors and pupils in the transmission of cultural lore.
46. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 48 > Issue: 1
Paul Lewis Preface and Notes on Contributors
47. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 48 > Issue: 1
Richard W. Moodey Polanyi and Kahneman and on Judging and Deciding
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Similarities between what Michael Polanyi and Daniel Kahneman wrote about the acts of judging and deciding are partly the result of taking seriously the findings of Gestalt psychology. Both men treat acts of judging and deciding as analogous to acts of perceiving. This similarity is the reason that the differences between Kahneman and Polanyi are mostly complementary, rather than contradictory. Among the things Polanyians can contribute to the interdisciplinary field of judgment and decision making are commitment, the from-to structure, and the image of leaping across a logical gap. Among the things Polanyians can learn from Kahneman is a pragmatic distinction between judging and deciding, a distinction between fast and slow thinking, and a heightened awareness of the many ways tacit heuristics and biases lead to mistaken judgments and bad decisions.
48. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 48 > Issue: 1
Robert P. Hyatt Michael Polanyi and Bessel A. van der Kolk on the Healing Power of Metaphor
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In this essay, I contend that Polanyi’s view of metaphor as outlined in Meaning (1975), has important heuristic implications for understanding the way metaphor functions in trauma therapy. I also contend that in his seminal book on trauma, The Body Keeps the Score (2014), Bessel van der Kolk, M.D., although he rarely uses the term, relies on metaphor as a vital element in his treatment of trauma victims. Analysis of Van der Kolk’s practice further confirms and extends Polanyi’s view of the bodily roots of all knowledge. Juxtaposing Polanyi’s theory and Van der Kolk’s practice demonstrates how unspeakable trauma can be overcome through the embodied metaphoric/linguistic matrix of human speech.
49. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 48 > Issue: 1
Phil Mullins The Journal Humanitas as an Incubator of Polanyi’s Ideas
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Michael Polanyi, along with colleagues at University of Manchester, worked to produce the journal Humanitas, A University Quarterly for two years just after the end of World War II. This essay outlines how Polanyi’s two articles in Humanitas and other work on the journal reflect Polanyi’s developing philosophical perspective.
50. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 48 > Issue: 2
Clemens Wieser The Development of Pedagogical Competence in Tacit Knowing: Towards a Polanyian Framework for the Empirical Analysis of Competence Development
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Polanyi’s theory of personal knowledge provides a paradigmatic conceptual framework for the empirical analysis of tacit knowing and learning. We use this framework to analyze the development of pedagogical competence. Drawing on Polanyi, we regard pedagogical competence as a particular field of professional tacit knowing that relates subsidiary and focal awareness of events in class, effects situated appraisal, and relates events to teaching intentions. The development of pedagogical competence takes place when a teacher struggles to relate teaching intentions to ongoing events in tacit knowing and engages in situated experimentation. Based on Polanyi’s conception of subsidiary awareness, focal awareness, and appraisal, we present an empirical vignette from a case study. In it, a teacher engages in situated experimentation to resolve two opposing semantic fields in class: an intended field of interaction, which focuses on the lesson topic, and the field of student peer relations. Based on our analysis, we argue that the teacher’s competence development is focused on the educative task of managing students’ peer culture, while the teacher’s focal awareness remains on the didactical task of teaching a subject.
51. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 48 > Issue: 2
Mel Keiser The Personal as Postcritical and Theopoetic: Exploring Religion and Poetry in Polanyi’s Tacit Dimension
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Exploring Polanyi on religion in Personal Knowledge and Meaning as mystical, metaphoric, and mythic as well as ritual and belief, I seek to clarify the meaning of the personal through a lens combining postcritical and theopoetic perspectives. Stanley Hopper’s theopoetic similarly criticizes, and seeks unconscious depths beneath, modern dualism, deepening Polanyi’s discussion of the religious efficacy of figural language. The personal for Polanyi embraces tacit commitment, from-to emergence, communal connectedness, creativity shaping our world, integrating self and world through figural language, process of discovery, and affirmation of God as presence and integrative agency in our existence and understanding. Poteat deepens the personal with effects of first-person-singular grammar. While affirming via negativa, letting go of frameworks, Polanyi insists traditional frameworks are essential to religion. He criticizes modern poetry for shattering Christian frameworks. Not recognizing religion in its fragments, he misses an unrealized potential for understanding religion as the depths of the tacit dimension. Letting go all frameworks, thoughts, rules, and goals in the via negativa, we dwell in mystery within which God presences through evocation of poetic images, and we experience our personhood as elusive selves enveloped in and impelled by divine Mystery.
52. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 48 > Issue: 2
Phil Mullins, Walter Gulick My Lengthy Involvement with Polanyi’s Thought: An Interview with Walter Gulick
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In this interview, Phil Mullins asks Walter Gulick about what originally attracted him to Polanyi’s thought. What aspects has he felt might be improved and/or further developed? What is the ongoing import of Polanyi’s accomplishments, and where does the Polanyi Society go from here?
53. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 48 > Issue: 3
Matthew Elmore The Tacit Dimension of Thomas Aquinas, or Scientia with Michael Polanyi
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This article explores the common holdings of Thomas Aquinas and Michael Polanyi. More specifically, it suggests that Polanyi’s post-critical philosophy retrieves multiple aspects of the pre-Copernican rationality of Aquinas. First of all, both believe that the faculty of reason is never impartial; it is always committed, driven by the intellect’s appetite for satisfaction. Second, scientific knowledge requires habituation or know-how, which indicates that truth is not rational apart from bodily habitus. Third, reason operates only in a social body, and fourth, science can proceed only by faith in the authority of others. Along these lines, Polanyi relocates the modern scientist in something like a medieval body. Thus, some of Polanyi’s most important ideas are incidental recoveries of the paradigm Aquinas represents.
54. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 48 > Issue: 3
Phil Mullins Polanyi and Grene on Merleau-Ponty: Historical Notes with Footnotes to Charles Taylor, Francis Walshe, F. S. Rothschild, and Gilbert Ryle
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This historically oriented essay treats Michael Polanyi and Marjorie Grene’s discussions of Maurice Merleau-Ponty in their correspondence in the 1960s. It traces Grene’s growing enthusiasm for Merleau-Ponty and notes both Polanyi’s criticism and praise for Merleau-Ponty’s perspective in relation to his account of tacit knowing. The essay also comments on Polanyi’s criticism of Gilbert Ryle and his effort to align his perspective with Francis Walsh’s and F. S. Rothchild’s neurophysiological ideas about the operation of mind. I discuss the innovative Ford Foundation-funded conference program, spearheaded by Polanyi and Grene, that brought together an interdisciplin­ary group of scholars interested in transforming the prevailing philosophical paradigm. This project is the context in which discussion about Merleau-Ponty, Polanyi, and other figures flourished and Grene produced a complicated but fascinating set of little-known publications.
55. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Michael Polanyi
56. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 24 > Issue: 1
Phil Mullins Historical and Textual Notes on H. Richard Niebuhr and Michael Polanyi
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This essay discusses historical data that help establish the time at which the Christian theologian and moral philosopher H. Richard Niebuhr became acquainted with Michael Polanyi’s thought. It also briefly examines the ways in which Polanyi’s philosophical ideas are used in the late publications of Niebuhr.
57. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 24 > Issue: 1
Colin Weightman Polanyi and Mathematics, Torrance and Philosophy of Science: A Response to Apczynski’s Review
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The question of how Michael Polanyi understood religious realities has often been debated. I suggest, in this response to a review of my book on Polanyi and theologian Thomas Torrance, that Polanyi's treatment of mathematical realities can throw light on his understanding of religious realities (like “God”) especially since he clearly links or groups these in a number of places. In addition, I point out that Torrance develops and moves beyond the Barthian theological tradition in his adoptin of a Polanyian natural theology.
58. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 24 > Issue: 1
R. Melvin Keiser McCoy on Keiser's Niebuhr: A Post-Critical Dialogue
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I respond to Charles McCoy's criticisms of my view of Niebuhr's theological ethics by arguing that “conversion,” understood as tacit reorientation rather than explicit choice, does accurately depict Niebuhr's 1929 shift in perspective; that “language” emphasized as central to his ethics does in fact hold act and word together; that “praxis,” while not a part of Niebuhr's conscious agenda, is inherent in his idea of response; and that Niebuhr's thought is revolutionary which could and should be developed, but by someone else, into a full-blown postcritical theological ethics.
59. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 24 > Issue: 1
Phil Mullins Preface
60. Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical: Volume > 24 > Issue: 2
Lee Congdon Between Brothers: Karl and Michael Polanyi on Fascism and Communism
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This article explores the Polanyi brothers’ publicly-stated views--and private debates--concerning the nature and origin of fascism and communism. In that connection, it examines their rival estimates of the Soviet regime.