The report represents a substantiation of the world Outlook significance of the idea of extraterrestrial life. The consideration of views of prominent scientists indicates that in the modern System of knowledge the problem of life in the Universe is connected with the application of the dialectical principle of development which provides the substantiation for the idea of extraterrestrial life, fulfils the methodological function in a concrete experimental research aimed at discovering life on other cosmic bodies and forms the general tasks of such research.

In animals as well as in men the re take place a social organization's process which classes different individuals of the same species inside or outside of a certain category. Such a social categorization's process can be carried out by the territorial behavior distinguishing individuals which are, from those which are not "authorized" to occupy a given territory; or by the signalizing behavior distinguishing individuals within a given category. The human specificity does not consist in the fact itself of such kind of social Organization but in its structure which is not in men genetically determined.

The study examines the possibilities of the perception of technology and its structure. The autor emphasizes the role and the importance of subjective side. He examines the object of the perception, in the relation between subject and object, criticising the fetishized concept of it. He analyses the role of the condition / and obstacles /, the methods-ways, efficiency, means of technology. The aim of the research is to establish an up-to-date way of life. The "technological alienation" is emphasized in the paper.

Consciousness encompasses every aspect of knowledge, the widest universe of discourse. An active principle, consciousness involves the cogito. Consciousness distorts everyday experience, both vision and thought by placing the observer in the center of space and time often with disastrous results. Consciousness implies purpose and value. Consciousness, like light, extends far beyond the visible Spectrum.

The 1975 publication of E.O. Wilson's massive study Sociobiology by Harvard University Press has had a major impact on the American intellectual Community. Since this book explicitly deals with ethics, and since few philosophers have yet responded to it, this paper provides a brief sketch of the central thesis of sociobiology. A preliminary account of some of the possible implications of this emerging scientific discipline for both meta-ethics and normative ethics is then offered.

An attempt is made in this paper to analyze the specificity of the present-day controversy on universals. In conclusion, the author indicates that dialectical materialism does not deny abstractions, including abstractions of high levels, and positively appraises nominalistic analyses as a means for substantiating abstract and hypothetical knowledge, as a means for disclosing constructive substance in unconstructive theories.

In this paper I attempt to show that the scientific-technological revolution has produced many social changes some of which have had dehumanizing effects. To redirect Science and technology neither the scientist nor the technologist has the tools. What is needed is the philosopher and phiiosophy which can give a focus to Science and technology . For only one who can bring together the true, the useful and the good into harmony can re-instate man in his rightful position.

The attempt to distinguish between facts and values and the search for an ineluctably scientific method of inquiry in the social Sciences and humanities is highlighted by confusion and controversy. Yet there may be a modus vivendi encouraging further inquiry in the various areas of the philosophy of Science and the human condition. It would affirm the human context of scientific inquiry centered on the act of creation common to all the arts and Sciences. This Spectrum of inquiry in the realms of both facts and values would seem to answer the quintessential need of our age for openness, pluralism and a passionate concern for the humanity of man.

Dialectic implies movement in a direction, hence a Reason enabling the movement to take the form of an order. Paradox, on the other hand, is an unsurmountable contradiction in the heart of existence that has no solution (Aufhebung) except in experience (Erlebnis). The movement created inside the paradox becomes the logic of irrational or the logic of inner life that exemplifies the tension between two absolutes - beautiful and ugly, virtue and vice, etc. But this does not mean that it is "the logic of heart". It is the genuine extension of reason towards an absolute. Being the logic of irrational, that is inseparable from experience, it has no formal part, therefore it has to be illustrated. Hence our choice of Nietzsche's Zarathustra.

The paper challenges the widely-held view that Science should be held responsible for the creation and proliferation of agencies of mass destruction during our Century. Although scientific research has been a necessary condition of their development, it is not a sufficient condition. Technology is required as well. So the demand, often heard, that society should curtail scientific development is misguided, Rather, Science should be given full freedom; but technology can properly be made subject to societal control.

The concept of "Universe" in modern philosophic and scientific literature "is split” into several different senses. Mixing them up is able to give rise (and often does it) to confusion and misunderstanding. One must, though, keep in mind that different meanings of "universe” are closely connected logically and genetically; they are linked by peculiar "transitions”. Their interrelation reflects a complex and contradictory process of the development of human knowledge of the Universe.

Contradiction of philosophy with social consciousness forms (they go in turn ahead or back) is the central mechanism of knowledge development. Each its cycke gas 3 stages (a social consciousness form-its philosophical problems - philosophy & sociology) & 9 levels (empirical, theoretical, philosophical in each stage). They all have inner & outer contradictions. Practice & communication progressively solve this contradiction elaborating man's world Outlook, Science methodology & cyclically developing social consciousness forms.

The author argues that the well known method of bilateral reduction sentences due to R. Carnap presupposes existence of a corresponding classificational System for observational circumstances in which disposition can manifest itself. Together with the fact that every classificational System contains non-empirical hypotheses, this gives an illustration to the idea that theoretical knowledge is closely connected to intensionally biased sets of observational predicates. The author argues that formal methods can give criteria by which at least some of the methodological gains due to conceptual change in Science can be evaluated.

The technological Sciences are considered as an independent field within the Classification of Sciences. It is argued that philosophical categories can help to definite the subject of technological Sciences, to discover the rules of engineering cognition. Recently a lot of philosophical problems have come from direct challenges of technical - scientific progress towards philosophy. The future of mankind greatly depends on the purpose of utilizing technology.

Can a material System acquite activity if all its initial substrata and main elements are passive? This is one of the key questions of world outlook. The traditionalanswer is negative. It implies recognition (OR DENIAL) of the activity of matter at all levels while drawing inferences with regard to the properties of Systems on the basis of the activity of elements-monads. The report advances, on the basis of Systems approach and predominantly biological material, arguments in favour of a positive answer thich implies recognition of the non-addivity of properties of a System taken as a whole.

I claim that in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (SSR) Kuhn is not an irrationalist on the question of scientific change but rather that he is inconsistent, arguing on the one hand that scientific change is a matter of faith and on the other that it is based on good reasons. I propose to characterise the acceptance of a scientific theory in its embryonic stage of development as a matter of faith (conversion experience) and in the advanced stages as a matter of reason. In this way I eliminate the inconsistency.

In the subnuclear physics the interaction of the elementary particles becomes the main object of the research. It is expressed in the change of the conceptual structure of the physical knowledge. This fact has the great world Outlook meaning because the notions of the principal regularities of the subnuclear world are the foundation of the modern scientific picture of nature.

The object of this Paper is to re-evaluate a view on Monod held to be reductionist by contributors to Beyond Chance and Necessity. The thesis presented here is that a hermeneutically oriented Interpretation seeking a unitary dimension from which the meaning; of a work can be demonstrated, can alone do justice to Monod's postulate of objectivity, which is an existential choice of knowledge as a value. Monod's view can best be explained by reference to Popper's 'critical rationalism' and to Stern's theory of value. It will be found, then, that Monod, instead of denying, is rather leaving room for metaphysics in line with the philosophizing of Karl Jaspers.

The author presents his understanding of consciousness and its connection with the external world from the materialistic point of view. He bases his report on cognitive data from neuropsychology, neurophysiology and so on. First he presents his opinion concerning the formation of life, and next he demonstrates, that in result of the realtionship with the natural and social world there were formed organs, mechanisms and structures of the living organisms, which serve them to acquire, transform and preserve Information from the external world. It is the foundation of the author's definition of consciousness, which he formulates in this paper.

The author contends that it would be meaningful to speak of the rationality or non-rationality of research activity rather than of the rationality or non-rationality of any given element of theoretical knowledge taken irrespective of its place in the process of development of knowledge. Furthermore, the author maintains the need for assessing the extent to which the research activity would correspond to the general Standards of scientific rationality. The resultant conclusion implies the absence of "two criteria" of rationality that allegedly represent generally Philosophie and specifically scientific reasoning.