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21. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
S.M. Brajovic History of Philosophy as a Forum of Rationality Under Scientific-Technical Revolution
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The article deals with the interrelation between history of philosophy and scientific-technical revolution. The author asks how much the process of change in Science affected history and methodology of philosophy, the latter involving the Problem of including philosophic legacy in the process of upbringing so that to free a person from Professional one-sidedness and the all-round development of Personality should be secured. The real problem consists in the dialectics of continuity and change, tradition and the present, v/hen the two exist in close interrelation.
22. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
Euryalo Cannabrava Illative Space and Theory of Knowledge
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The paper is concerned with illative argument and natural inference in its relations with theoretical problems of knowledge. Illative argument is neither deductive nor inductive: it is cognitive as natural and spontaneous way of reasoning. And ultimately it starts a free search for the sources of cognitive modes of thought, grounded in association of ideas by elective affinities (Wahlverwandtschaft) in a Goethean style.
23. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
Alexei S. Bogomolov Dialectic and Rationality
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The "rationality" of myth conceived structurally (after C.Levi-Strauss) as a mediation of oppositions of mythical thought, is compared with the dialectic in its rational form. The latter being a teaching of solution of contradictions of being and knowledge, is analysed from the point of its conformity to such necessary features of scientific rationality as: criticism, an ability to be productive of the progress of knowledge, logicality, empirical content. The author regards rational dialectic as a mode of a solution of oppositions of Contemporary concept of rationality.
24. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
Václav Cerník Die Zwei Formen des Allgemeinen
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In der Auseinandersetzung um das Problem der Universalien kommt es häufig zu einer falschen Gleichsetzung des abstrakten und des konkreten Allgemeinen, des gemeinsamen Merkmals einer Menge von Gegenständen und der gemeinsamen Herkunft differenzierter Elemente einer konkreten Ganzheit / der Form der Reproduktion der wesentlichen Bedingungen der dialektischen Totalität.
25. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
David Carr Relativist Themes in Phenomenology
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The view that cognition is relative to changeable "conceptual frameworks" is wide-spread among philosophers and scientists. Husserl is well known for his early attack on relativism of this sort, yet most people consider later figures in the phenomenological tradition (Heidegger, Gadamer, Merleau-Ponty) to accept some Version of this form of relativism. In this paper, I try to show that certain themes and concepts central even to Husserl's earliest work lay the basis for accepting the relativist view. These themes and concepts are (1) the object as intended, (2) the search for the given, and (3) consciousness as temporal Gestalt.
26. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
Jirí Cerný Zum Problem der "Verstehenden" Wissenschaft und Philosophy und zur Diskussion Über die Hermeneutik
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Der Versuch der Hermeneutik, die historischen Wissenschaften durch die Philosophie des verstehenden Subjekts zu fundieren, führt nicht zur Erkenntnis der Rationalität aus der Entwicklung der objektiven Realität, sondern zur Theorie des Wiedererkennens des Geistes in seinen historischen Leistungen. Materialistische Dialektik baut ihre Interpretationstheorie auf der Einheit des Erkennens, des Erklärens und des Verstehens. Gleichzeitig will sie ihr - auf der Dialektik des Logischen und Historischen gründende - Weltverständnis auf die Veränderung der realen Welt anwenden.
27. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
Juraj Ciger La Logique des Systemes et le Principe de la Normalite Humaine
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L'initiative théorique est le devoir de la philosophie dont l'essence est la théorie des catégories, centrée autour de la catégorie de relation. Sa logique se développe à partir de la catégorie de l'objet sous l'aspect de sa forme externe. Par l'analyse concrète on peut dériver l'aspect de l'ordre, du continu et de fonction, la dialectique des systèmes. L'antropogenèse se pose ainsi comme la genese de l'essence humaine, qui sous l'influence du système-societé doit continuer dans son évolution et épuiser les possibilités. La tendance phylogénétique et historique, qui vise l'e ssence humaine, se pose ainsi comme le facteur normatif et naturel de la normalité humaine.
28. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
Jiri Cetl Biologische Gefährdung des Menschen und die Möglichkeit der Philosophie
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Angesichts der "biologischen Gefährdung" des Menschen infolge der Denaturalisation seiner Umwelt und/oder der Möglichkeit der biologischen Manipulation, kann sich die Philosophie nicht auf einen Appell beschränken. Sie muß vielmehr die biologischen Grundlagen des Menschen in ihrer jeweiligen Form kritisch erfassen: nicht im Sinne eines biologischen Neutralismus (wie z.B. die Verhaltensforschung), sondern im Sinne der Anerkennung von sozial-historischer Bedingtheit des Biologischen im Menschen, was dann eine Erschließung aller, besonders sozialen und klassenmäßigen Gründen der Gefährdung des Menschen (sowie ihrer bisherigen Interpretationen) ermöglicht.
29. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
Jozef Coufal Die Gesetzmässigkeit der Aussenwelt und Ihre Reflexion in Philosophischen Kategorien
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Der mechanistische Determinismus verabsolutiert die Kausalität, die sie nur als eine äußere Beziehung auffaßt. In der Vorstellung unendlicher Kausalketten verschiebt sich die Erkenntnis jedes ihrer Glieder ins Unendliche. Das Postulat der absoluten Rationalität ist eine Verneinung der wirklichen Rationalität. Im dialektisch-materialistischen Determinismus ist die Kausalität ein Moment der Wechselwirkung. Die Erkenntnis realisiert sich als Wechselwirkung. Das Postulat der absoluten Rationalität hat keinen Sinn. Die Rationalität ist ein historischer Prozeß der begrifflichen Reflexion der Gesetzmäßigkeit der Außenwelt.
30. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
George A. Clark Sociobiology and the Genealogy of Morals
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Sociobiology, the Science of the evolution of sociality, shows how altruism may spread through a gene pool by kin selection. Genealogically, morality is a teleonomic adaptations to adjust relations in a community so as to maintain an environment in which the community will flourish. Understanding this genealogy enables us to give purpose to what evolved.without purpose, to reinterpret traditions to create a morality suitable for our own community.
31. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
Ronald B. de Sousa Instinct and Teleology
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Positivistic strictures against teleological concepts have lost much of their force, partly because these have become susceptibie to cybernetic-causal explication. Two forms of "quasi-teleology" are distinguished: intentional action ("individual" or "mental" teleology) and the functioning and evolutionary shaping of organs ("species" teleology). The concept of Instinct bridges the two: whence the central role of sexuality in the Freudian scheme. Instinct will likely be reducible to cybemetic terms, but at the present time it may be more useful to psychology and philosophy in its unreconstructed form.
32. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
Aleksandar Dejkov The Dialectics of the Abstract and the Concrete and the Problem of the Universals
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In the paper two types of the theory of abstraction are examined. One of them is based on the method of inclusion and exclusion of the abstractions. The other one - on the method of ascending from the abstract to the concrete. Both of the theories have constituted the ground for constructing of two logics: formal and dialectical. Neither one nor the other have an independant meaning in itself novadays.
33. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
Ingetraut Dahlberg Universal Organization of Knowledge: Realization Methods
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Attempt to overcome the agnostic idea that a survey over man's knowledge is impossible and that the ability to organize knowledge has been lost (Picht). Principles are presented that went (a) into the overall outline of a new general System for the Organization of knowledge-fields not based on discipiines but on six ontical areas as given by the levels of being (N.Hartmann) augmented by three ontical areas as given by the products of human and societal activities and (b) into the grouping and arrangement of knowledge-units (concepts) within such ontical areas and their knowledge-fields. A diagrammatical display (Fig.1) shows the overall structure achieved by applying the principles mentioned.
34. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
Bernard P. Dauenhauer Philosophy and its "Reasons"
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Philosophy has two tasks which are in principle beyond the scope of the positive Sciences. 1) It can clarify the distinctiveness of and interconnections among the several domains of scientific work. Husserlian phenomenology provides a fruitful formulation of the issues involved in this task. 2) It can bring to light a dimension of thought which transcends both the Sciences and any critical theory of scientific knowledge. In discharging this second task, philosophy does not proceed by way of reasons properly so called. Rather, in Heidegger's terms, it involves meditative thinking.
35. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
Ljubomir Dramaliev Basic Types of Norms: Moral and Juridical, Ideological and Technological
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The general definition of the norms serves as an initial basis for the analysis. Different kinds of social norms are enumerated: customs, traditions, aesthetic, religious and organizational norms etc... As a base for the analysis the specificity of both morality and law is put forward. The process of interaction of ideological with technological norms is basically different from this one being carried out within the ideological sphere. This conclusion comes from the specificity of technological norms which in principle are deprived of any ideological nature: they do not reflect general social (dass, group, etc.) interests as such.
36. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
A. P. Dmitriyev The System of Knowledge on War and Peace as an Element of a Scientific Outlook
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Under the conditions of the present world development, the knowledge on war and peace makes up a necessary, historically concrete element of an outlook. It exists at the three levels: spontaneous notions within the framework of day-today consciousness; Propaganda conceptions of not scientific ideology; systematized scientific theoretical knowledge. Decisive role in the development of the problem of war and peace, in the integration of a scientific outlook are performed by the theory of Marxism-Leninism.
37. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
Hans Ebeling Die Grundstruktur Humaner Selbsterhaltung
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Ich möchte zeigen, daß die Grundstruktur humaner Selbsterhaltung (l) als Differenz von 'natürlicher' und radikal 'freier' Selbsterhaltung gegeben ist, (2) als Differenzbewußtsein im Sachverhalt einer unumgänglichen Freiheitsfiktion vorliegt und dabei (3) als quasi-transzendentale Bedingung des menschlich-bewußten Lebens fungiert. Die Herausforderung der Philosophie durch die moderne Biologie scheint mir damit von der Art, daß die Philosophie in erster Linie zu einer Transformation ihrer Freiheitsbegriffe aufgefordert ist. Der Beitrag skizziert einen solchen Transformationsvorschlag.
38. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
Thomas A. Fay Heidegger and Non-Scientific Modes of Thought
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Concerning the scientific mode of thought, Heidegger remarks in Über den Humanismus, "Science appears, thought disappears." He stresses the crucial importance of non-logical, non-scientific modes of thought. But the question must be asked whether in so doing his thought is not delivered over to irrationalism, the domination of blind instinct, and ultimately to incommunicability. This paper suggests that this is not at all the case and that in stressing the importance of non-logical, non-scientific modes of thought, especially the poetic and philosophical, that his thought provides a most useful corrective to the domination and exclusivity which the scientific mode enjoys in our Contemporary world.
39. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
D. V. Ermolenko The Mastering of the Scientific and Technological Progress and Growing of the Anticipatory Function of Human Knowlege
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Understanding of the laws of social life gave an opportunity to develop a System of scientific anticipation which is especially important for social life. Scientific and technological progress which achieved starting the middle of the present Century the level of scientific and technological revolution helped scientific anticipation with a large complex of empirical methods which comprised various Systems of scientific forecasting. If done on the basis of right world-out-look, the forecasting can give a good effect for research of perspectives in Science, technology, social life, international relations, etc.
40. Der 16. Weltkongress für Philosophie: Volume > 3
James W. Felt Scientific and Other Types of Rationality: The Vanishing of the End: Reflections on Theology in Science and Philosophy
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The Vanishing of the End: Reflections on Teleology in Science and Philosophy. — The discarding of teleological explanations by modern Science vividly illustrates the Whiteheadian view that Science is abstract not only in its conceptualization but also in the selectivity of its interest in details of nature. But philosophy, taken as speculative metaphysics, attempts abstractly to understand nature in its concreteness, omitting nothing, including its drive toward ends.