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21. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 4 > Issue: Part 1
Terri J. Hennings Heidegger and Kafka Before The Law
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Th is paper examines Franz Kafka’s perception of Being as it is portrayed in his novel Der Prozess against the background of Heidegger’s fundamental ontology, particularly as outlined in Sein und Zeit. More specifically, it examines the notion of guilt as it focuses on the similarities and differences between Heidegger and Kafka’s project. Whereas Heidegger holds out the possibility of a non-alienated being-in-the-world, Kafka seems to suggest that this is not obtainable; that the ontological difference between beings and Being, the gap that exits between our everyday empirical knowledge of the world and a primordial truth, is beyond our reach.
22. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 4 > Issue: Part 1
Hans Rainer Sepp, Ion Copoeru Preface for All Volumes + Introduction
23. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 4 > Issue: Part 1
Ivan Chavatík Jan Patočka and his Concept of an “A-Subjective” Phenomenology
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Th e paper gives a short biography of Jan Patočka, remembers his personal contacts with Husserl and reviews his position within the phenomenological movement by explaining what sort of criticism on Husserl he develops in his concept of an “a-subjective” phenomenology. It also gives a list of his papers concerning this topic.
24. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 5 > Issue: Part 2
James Mensch Artificial Intelligence and the Phenomenology of Flesh
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A. M. Turing argued that we should draw “a fairly sharp line between the physical and the intellectual capacities of a man.” Traditionally, this has meant disregarding the role flesh plays in our intellectual capacities. Correspondingly, intelligence has been defined in terms of the algorithms that both men and machines can perform. In this essay, I raise some doubts about this paradigm. Intelligence, I argue, is founded on flesh’s ability to move itself, to feel itself, and to engage in the body projects that accompany our learning a language. Th is implies such a sharp line cannot, in fact, be drawn.
25. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 5 > Issue: Part 2
Notes on Contributors
26. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 5 > Issue: Part 2
Frank J. Macke Body, Liquidity, and Flesh: Bachelard, Merleau-Ponty, and the Elements of Interpersonal Communication
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This essay seeks to consider Merleau-Ponty’s concept of embodiment from the vantage point of Gaston Bachelard’s poetic reflections on the four elements: earth, wind, fire, and water. More specifically, I intend to interpret Merleau-Ponty’s notion of flesh, as articulated in The Visible and the Invisible, as communicative embodiment, and then I seek to understand the communicological feature of flesh in terms of water and liquidity. The thesis of this essay is that the discourse on “embodiment” that follow in Merleau-Ponty’s wake should, regardless of its classification as “postmodern,” be articulated in terms of the “post-Cartesian” consciousness animated by Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology.
27. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 5 > Issue: Part 2
Dallas Willard For Lack of Intentionality
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Much of contemporary Philosophy of Language has attempted to explain the relationship between language and the objects referred to by it without recourse to the intentionality of acts of consciousness, as Husserl and other Phenomenologists have understood it. This essay takes one author from the “Analytic” tradition, David Wiggins, and points out the inadequacies in his recent attempt to explain how “natural kind terms” connect up with the objects to which they apply. It traces the failure to build an intelligible bridge between the terms and their extension to failure to incorporate intentionality into the analysis of meaning.
28. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 5 > Issue: Part 2
François Raffoul Heidegger and Ethics
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The ambition of this essay is to investigate Heidegger’s thought of ethics in terms of what he calls in his “Letter on Humanism” an “originary ethics,” attempting to draw key features or characteristics of such an ethics. I argue that the proper site of ethics is at the center of Heidegger’s enterprise, in which ethics is grounded on a phenomenal basis, as opposed to being left groundless in abstract theorizing on so-called applied and theoretical ethics. Heidegger would think ethics, not as some theoretical principles to apply, but as the very unfolding of human existence.
29. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 5 > Issue: Part 2
Harry P. Reeder Living Words and Concepts: Semantic Space and Semantic Texture
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An exploration of the active and passive constitution of linguistic and proto-linguistic semantic space in motivated and intersubjective intentional life. ‘Semantic texture’ encompasses ontological and epistemological features of finite, historical, and discursive human life.
30. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 5 > Issue: Part 2
Paul Majkut MetaTV
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Viewing TV as a totality is obfuscated by attention too closely fixed on autonomous programming. When the attitude of the viewer changes and reveals the larger dimension of the object viewed, a shift from passive reception to active disruption is possible. Television viewers move from program to program, empowered by the remote control, violating and replacing programming temporal restraints intended by producers with an internal time consciousness that is marked by duration rather than chronology. The shift from passive reception to a narrative whose structure is controlled by the viewer is profound. MetaTV is reiterated falsehood and reiteration is the essence of the “big lie,” not an antidote to deception, as Husserl and Stein argue.
31. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 5 > Issue: Part 2
David Seamon “A Strange Current of Sympathy and Knowledge”: The Experience of “Teched” as Portrayed by American Novelist and Agrarian Reformer Louis Bromfield
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In this essay, I draw on one short story by the American writer and agrarian reformer Louis Bromfield (1896-1956) to examine phenomenologically the experiential dimensions of “teched”—a colloquial word used by Bromfield to refer to a capacity for experiencing an intuitive intimacy with things, creatures, and landscapes such that the boundaries of self and other dissolve. I argue that this mode of encounter might be useful today in facilitating a deeper sense of care and concern for the natural world.
32. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 5 > Issue: Part 2
Marilyn Nissim-Sabat The Future of Psychiatry and the Naturalization of Phenomenology
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This essay is a critique of the effort of cognitive scientists to naturalize phenomenology, in particular Husserlian phenomenology, in order to legitimate their investigation into conscious phenomena by integrating phenomenality, presumably in Husserl’s sense, with cognitive science. I show that this effort is misguided because it rests on profound misconstruals of the meaning of phenomenology. In conclusion, I show that Husserlian phenomenology cannot be naturalized because its inaugural act is the de-naturalization of the world.
33. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 5 > Issue: Part 2
Thomas Nenon Seebohm, Husserl, and Dilthey
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This essay outlines the main themes in Thomas Seebohm’s Hermeneutics. Method and Methodology with particular emphasis on his descriptions of animal and elementary understanding. It closes with some remarks about the relationship between human understanding as a whole and more primitive strata of understanding like animal and elementary understanding, on kinaesthesis, and on the way that various philosophical methods, including phenomenology, can contribute to a comprehensive description and critical analysis of hermeneutics.
34. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 5 > Issue: Part 2
Richard L. Lanigan The Phenomenology of Embodiment in Communicology
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Embodiment is a problematic at the center of philosophic and scientific inquiry where issues of ontology and methodology function in apposition to one another in the study of the human mind and body in a socio-cultural world. A comparison is made between Jakobson’s theory of human communication and the logics offered by Merleau-Ponty and Peirce for analyzing the conjunction of semiotics and phenomenology where the thematic is embodied human conscious experience. In the tradition of Merleau-Ponty and Peirce, the validity and reliability of the eidetic analysis is illustrated empirically using the example of vasospasm (impaired motor muscle function with attending sympathetic stimulation) in the medical research of Jurgen Ruesch. Contextual reference is made to the work of Bateson, Bourdieu, Eco, Erikson, Foucault, Kristeva, and Sapir.
35. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 5 > Issue: Part 2
William McBride The Sartre Centenary: Why Sartre Now?
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This essay begins by recalling the fact that 2005 was the centenary of Sartre’s birth and hence the occasion for a number of commemorative conferences. Contrary to the claim of one essayist, to the effect that the participants in such conferences seemed to lack a sense of direction concerning Sartre’s contemporary importance, it is argued that there is considerable such importance, as shown in several of the commemorations attended by the author. This claim is then supported by a consideration of Sartre’s contributions, both original and ongoing, in the areas of phenomenology, ontology, and politics.
36. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 5 > Issue: Part 2
Saulius Geniusas On the Paradox of Perception and the Emergence of the Absolute Consciousness in Husserl’s Phenomenology
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The following investigation addresses the correlation between the given object and its manners of givenness, endorsed by Husserl as the fundamental question of his phenomenology. The essay identifies the origin of this correlation in the paradox of perception as it emerges in the Investigations and proceeds to show how this paradox triggers the emergence of the absolute consciousness in Husserl’s writings on time and Ideas I. Resisting the schematic approaches to Husserl’s work that construe its development in terms of a series of disconnected phases, this essay aims to explicate why Husserl himself considered the correlation between the object and its manners of givenness a theme that provides unity to his lifework.
37. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 5 > Issue: Part 2
Dennis E. Skocz Husserlian Variations on Nature, Environment, and Earth: Toward a “Green” Phenomenology
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Many have looked to Heidegger’s philosophy as a resource for addressing environmental issues philosophically. It may seem strange to many to suggest that Heidegger’s mentor and the father of phenomenology, Edmund Husserl, may offer a rich and fruitful philosophical language and grammar for reflecting on the natural environmental. In many ways, Husserl seems the antithesis of a “green.” Th e essay examines what Husserl has said about nature, the environment (Umwelt), and the earth. It endeavors to suggest how Husserl’s explications of each can contribute to an environmental theory and practice that is both “green” and pluralistic.
38. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 3 > Issue: Part 2
Jacques Taminiaux The Platonist Roots of Heidegger’s Political Thought
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The purpose of the essay is to demonstrate that Plato’s political thought, such as it is exposed in the Republic, played a decisive role in Heidegger’s implication in national-socialism. The demonstration is divided into three stages: 1. the analysis of the Platonist elements regarding politics in Heidegger’s thought before 1933; 2. the development of his views during the years following the famous Rectoral Address of 1933; 3. a critical reflection in the light of Hannah Arendt on the prejudices involved in the Platonist approach of political matters.
39. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 3 > Issue: Part 2
María-Luz Pintos Gurwitsch, Goldstein, and Merleau-Ponty: An Analysis of a Close Relationship
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It is our aim in this essay to acknowledge a debt we owe to Aron Gurwitsch. In fact, we aim to recall the important contribution he made to phenomenology during his years of exile in France (1933–40). While there, he introduced the thought of Kurt Goldstein, and was the first to understand that a new approach in the human and social sciences was emerging and converging with Husserl’s new phenomenological philosophy: a tendency toward things as they are lived and handled by subjects. Th is spirit of confluence between phenomenology and the sciences is something he passed on to his younger colleague, Merleau-Ponty—who, however, failed to acknowledge Gurwitsch as a major “source of inspiration” for his thought. Some evidence of Merleau-Ponty’s unpaid debt to Aron Gurwitsch is presented in this essay.
40. Phenomenology 2005: Volume > 3 > Issue: Part 2
Andrea Pinotti The Touchable and the Untouchable: Merleau-Ponty and Bernard Berenson
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The essay discusses the role played by touch in relation to sight within Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy of the body. In particular this issue will be analyzed in the context of Merleau-Ponty’s aesthetics of painting, taking into consideration his criticism of Berenson’s concept of “tactile values,” volumetric feelings of a third dimension that painting should be able to arouse in spite of its bi-dimensional nature. In rejecting Berenson’s tactile values Merleau-Ponty’s position appears rather closer to the German theorists of pure visibility (reine Sichtbarkeit) in insisting on the exclusive optical destination of painting, a real “total part” which monadologically expresses “la folie de la vision.”