Displaying: 21-40 of 54 documents

0.179 sec

21. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Bertrand Saint-Sernin La France à la fin du règne de Louis XIV selon La Bruyère et Saint-Simon: Leçons politiques contemporaines
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
La France compte au XVIIe siècle de grands analystes de la société. Servis par une prose précise, fluide et inventive, ces anthropologues sont aussi des métaphysiciens. Parmi eux, citons Bossuet, Fénelon et La Bruyère, puis, à cheval sur le XVIIe et le XVIIIe siècles, le duc de Saint-Simon. La Bruyère et Saint-Simon nous peignent la fin du règne de Louis XIV. Elle est marquée par le début d’une période glaciaire dévastatrice pour les paysans et par la révocation de l’édit de Nantes qui appauvrit la France. Leur liberté de ton et leur sévérité, quand ils écrivent au roi, rendent leur tableau vrai, poignant et plein d’utiles leçons pour notre temps.
22. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Peter Kemp Liberté et institutions
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
La liberté humaine a besoin des institutions justes où chacun accepte des disciplines communes pour réaliser des projets communs. Si ces institutions ne sont pas établies, les gens ont raison de se révolter. Mais, comme la révolte en 1968, cette critique reste souvent « messianique » sans devenir vraiment politique ou pratique. Or aujourd’hui des philosophes « messianiques » ont insisté sur l’opposition contre l’Etat de droit comme la vraie manière de critiquer la société. Cependant s’il faut réaliser une communauté politique cosmopolite, il faut lutter pour des institutions juridiques internationales et transnationales et par là transformer les bonnes intentions en politique.
23. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Bernard Reber La critique est aisée, l ’art est difficile: Vers une démocratie responsable (I)
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
L’originalité de cet article porte tant sur l’approche que sur l’actualité du problème choisi. Il croise sciences politiques (quantitatives et comparatives) et théorie politique, pour traiter de la montée d’une citoyenneté critique. Il analyse ses formes et passe ensuite à une critique plus étayée et philosophique. Ces deux types de résultats ne se recouvrent que très partiellement. Principalement focalisée sur des questions d’identité, la majeure partie des travaux en philosophie politique passent à côté de ce qui constitue le coeur de l’exercice politique. L’article propose alors de considérer des formes de responsabilités, notamment dans l’Union européenne, permettant d’affronter cette critique réactive.
24. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Jean-Luc Amalric L ’articulation de l ’éthique et du politique dans l ’horizon d ’une philosophie de l ’acte
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Cet article s’efforce de montrer quelles sont les ressources anthropologiques de la philosophie ricœurienne de l’acte pour penser une articulation vivante de l’éthique et du politique qui évite l’impasse que représente l’idée d’un divorce complet entre idéalisme moral et réalisme politique. Pour ce faire, il tente de définir la démarche centrale de l’herméneutique de Ricœur comme celle d’une réappropriation réflexive et critique de l’affirmation éthique originaire dont le but ultime est de redéployer le parcours entier de la liberté et des institutions.
25. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Patrice Canivez L ’idée de démocratie transnationale
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
This article deals with the notion of transnational democracy, which is an object of debate in contemporary political philosophy. The analysis focuses on a few central issues. First, the notion of transnationality is developed in contrast with the ideal-type of the nation-state (I). Two possible viewpoints on transnational democracy are envisaged, in relation to the opposition between state and society and the alternative between representation and participation (II). Then, three paradigms of transnational democracy are defined (III) and their respective limits are examined (IV). An extended conclusion develops some remarks regarding the transformation and “universalization” of traditions (V).
26. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Mireille Delmas-Marty Humaniser la mondialisation
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Malgré le développement des droits de l’homme et l’apparition d’une justice pénale internationale, la mondialisation lance de nouveaux défis à l’humanisme juridique : durcissement du contrôle des migrations, aggravation des exclusions sociales, multiplication des atteintes à l’environnement, persistance des crimes internationaux « les plus graves », risques d’asservissement créés par les nouvelles technologies. Humaniser la mondialisation renvoie à trois objectifs : résister à la déshumanisation, responsabiliser les acteurs, anticiper sur les risques à venir. Pour y contribuer, il faudrait une mutation de la notion d’ordre juridique car le modèle souverainiste (ordre international), postulant l’autonomie de chaque État, est dépassé. Mais l’universalisme (ordre supranational), comme l’ultra-libéralisme (ordre transnational), risquent de conduire à l’impérialisme du plus puissant. D’où la recherche d’un «pluralisme ordonné», combinant souverainisme intégré, universalisme assoupli et libéralisme régulé.
27. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Pierre-Antoine Chardel Orcid-ID La vie commune à l'épreuve du tout sécuritaire: Eléments pour une approche critique
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Le présent article interroge l’intensification des politiques sécuritaires dans nos sociétés démocratiques en mettant en évidence le risque majeur qu’elle constitue pour nos équilibres politiques, sociaux et existentiels. Car si au nom de la sécurité, nous acceptons d’être de plus en plus surveillés, c’est en négligeant le fait que nous avons besoin de confiance, d’autonomie et de liberté pour nous inscrire solidement dans le monde. Pourquoi semblons-nous faire preuve si massivement d’une telle négligence ? Notre vigilance critique, tant sur le plan individuel que collectif, ne devrait-elle pas au contraire être singulièrement accentuée à l’heure où les régimes d’exception tendent à devenir la règle ?
28. Eco-ethica: Volume > 5
Peter Kemp Utopie et dystopie: Eco-ethica dans la crise socio-environnementale
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
This paper tries to show that, in our criticism of society today, it is not enough to presuppose an idea of utopia but also to integrate an idea of dystopia into our reflections. The first two parts consider two documents that analyze the socio- environmental crisis of our world today: (1) the fifth assessment report published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2014, and (2) the Encyclical Letter of Pope Francis on Care of Our Common Home, which argues that there are not two different crises but one single socio-environmental crisis that threatens all life on our planet, and calls for a new ethics. The next two parts confront two philosophers, Ernst Bloch and Hans Jonas. Bloch has provided a strong defense of the utopian thinking but in a Marxist context, whereas Jonas has rejected all utopian thinking and replaced it with the idea of responsibility for the present world. Both thinkers need a more fundamental idea of hope.
29. Eco-ethica: Volume > 5
Mireille Delmas-Marty Environnement, éthique et droit
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
The 21st International Climate Conference (COP21) demonstrated that a global consensus is possible among 195 countries. For this reason, we could say that climate change is a chance (perhaps the last) for humanity.It is indeed the only area where worldly governance now seems possible, although it also is needed to fight, for example, against global terrorism or to regulate international migration. - Through the ongoing experience concerning climate policy, a triple dynamic, which would establish a genuine global governance, can be drawn: recognizing interdependencies, regulating contradictions, making actors aware of their responsibilities. It is therefore urgent we learn the lessons of the COP 21.
30. Eco-ethica: Volume > 5
Jacob Dahl Rendtorff Orcid-ID Responsabilité et l'éthique de l'environnement: Vers une responsabilité technologique, politique et économique pour un développement durable de la nature et de la société
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
This paper demonstrates the importance of the concept of responsibility as the foundation of an ethics of the environment, in particular in the fields of politics and economics in the modem civilization marked by globalization and technological progress. We can indeed observe a moralization of responsibility going beyond a strict legal definition in the development of an ethics of the environment. Accordingly, the concept of responsibility for the environment and for sustainability is the key notion of international development in order to understand the ethical duty of a modem technological civilization.
31. Eco-ethica: Volume > 5
Bernard Reber Garder ouverte la question de la technique pour penser l ’éthique environnementale
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Environmental ethic depends on technological ethics. We must therefore think of the technique with all its virtualities and not merely as an instrument. Heidegger’s approach to technique avoids this reduction. Brought closer to the language it questions its essence. With modem technology that essence does not advance production but provocation, by which nature is ordered to deliver an energy that can be extracted for maximum utilization and lower costs. The way of producing poetry remains open yet. This article reads again this difficult text, indicates some limitations, and tries to take the better of its wealth for contemporary debate crossing environmental and technological ethics.
32. Eco-ethica: Volume > 5
Patrice Canivez Éthique et environnement chez Jean-Jacques Rousseau
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
This paper deals with the relationships between ethics and the environment in Rousseau’s thought. The concept of environment is understood in its various dimensions. What is at stake is the natural, as well as the social and political, environment of human beings. The notion of ethics is also understood in a broad sense. We do not set ethics, understood as the search for happiness (or for the good life) against morality, understood as the fulfillment of duty. However, we take up two main questions. The first question concerns the influence of the environment, both natural and social, upon the ethical development of human beings. The second question concerns the responsibility of human beings towards nature. We examine what Rousseau teaches us regarding these two questions. Finally, we envisage liberty from the point of view of the relationships between nature and the political order. Human liberty is a matter of rights. It depends upon the republican nature of the state. However, liberty is also a sentiment that is intimately related to the living experience of nature. In order to understand what Rousseau means by liberty, we must grasp this intimate relationship between nature and politics.
33. Eco-ethica: Volume > 5
Jean-Luc Amalric L 'articulation de l'éthique et du politique dans l'horizon d'une philosophie de l'acte (2e partie)
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
The aim of this paper is to show the anthropological resources of Ricceur’s philosophy of the act, in order to elaborate a living articulation of ethics and politics that avoids the deadlock which represents the idea of a complete divorce between moral idealism and political realism. In this second part, it defends the thesis that the reconquest of an “ethical-political teleology” is only possible to the extent that, in Ricceur, the reappropriation of the “ethical originary affirmation” takes a radically critical form. Then it tries to show how this critical approach is likely to lead to a release of the mediating power of social imaginary, which always complements and precedes our acts.
34. Eco-ethica: Volume > 5
Pierre-Antoine Chardel Orcid-ID Quand la communication perd la parole: Lecture d ’Emmanuel Lévinas
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
If Emmanuel Lévinas does not develop a criticism of audiovisual technologies, sometimes even granting them hermeneutical virtues, he remains mindful of the risks incurred by societies that are increasingly determined by these technologies. In this article we want to underline the fact that, for Lévinas, considerable distraction can be generated by information technology, which risks neutralizing the experience of living speech. Compared to these risks, a certain ethical urgency must serve as a reminder that, if the responsibility is not just a figure of speech, it demands we question the way in which we understand images in our societies that may be fully configured by the flow of information, and the way we understand how the other is revealed to us through screens.
35. Eco-ethica: Volume > 7
Peter Kemp Les trois niveaux de l’interdépendance
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Taking as its starting-point Frédéric Worms’s Les maladies chro­nique de la Démocratie (2017), this paper shows the links between three kinds of interconnections: planetary, socio-cultural, and interpersonal. The contemporary refusal of interdependence is illustrated by an examination of three sicknesses: empiricism, racism, and ultraliberalism. It is proposed that the challenge they represent can be met by a cosmopoli­tanism inspired in part by both Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Immanuel Kant.
36. Eco-ethica: Volume > 7
Jacob Dahl Rendtorff Orcid-ID Interdépendance éthique et pratiques politiques de résilience à l’âge de l’Anthropocène
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
This article discusses the ethical interdependence and political practice in the age of the Anthropocene. The article presents the work on this topic by Bruno Latour in his discussions of social constructivism in relation to the political philosophy of the Anthropocene. With Latour we can perceive the emergence of a new form of geopolitics where the earth and its nature has become a field of politics. Politics has become climate change politics and the political hypermodernity is forced to integrate nature in the ethics and politics of our time. Therefore the age of the Anthropocene implies the emergence of a new form of international governance. Resilience politics in the age of the Anthropocene opens for a new responsibility for climate change that moves beyond the technological understandings of modernity because humanity is situated in the center of the earth in interdependence with nature and culture.
37. Eco-ethica: Volume > 7
Bernard Reber Architecture politique de l’interdépendance climatique: système, délibération, considération ou responsabilité?
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
The problem of interdependence is crucial for understanding the climate, with its interactions between land, water and atmosphere, as well as with human activities, past and future. The concept of interdependence expresses two types of relationship, that of causality and that of responsibility. For the problems of climate governance as understood as a statistical average in the Conferences of the parties (COP), causal dependence is impossible to reconstruct precisely, notably because of the complexity of these phenomenons. However, dependence does not only concern the domain of being, falling within the natural sciences and social sciences and human descriptivo-predictive. It also concerns the ought-to-be and therefore the normative sciences (ethics, political thery, law and normative economy). Here interdependence is much more problematic since it is opposed to freedom. The article discusses the various interdependencies and political solutions that are offered to take care of this needs, architectures for discussing climate change politically: systems (N. Luhmann) and deliberation (J. Habermas). He proposes then another solution, that of the moral and political consediration.
38. Eco-ethica: Volume > 7
Mireille Delmas-Marty Penser l’ordre juridique à l'heure de l’Anthropocène
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
By entering positive law, human rights reveal not only internal contradictions, but also external conflicts between the practical reasons which inspire them. These contradictions and conflicts could pull us in the doldrums (Pot au noir), this mythical place where ships, caught in violent storms and world winds, could shipwreck.
39. Eco-ethica: Volume > 8
Pierre-Antoine Chardel Orcid-ID Les paradoxes de l’éthique dans la société technologique. Réflexions sur l’évolution de nos espaces politiques et des imaginaires sociaux
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
The technological society, with all its potentialities in terms of well-being or improvement of daily life, is a source of many paradoxes that constitute real challenges for ethical reflection. Indeed, we have never been so free to express ourselves through information and communication technologies, while simultaneously encountering increasingly acute forms of alienation. More broadly, our current world suffers from an impoverishment of social imaginaries (if we consider the generalization of the consumerist model, identity retreats, separation logics), even though their strength is essential to the fate of ethics, let alone in technological societies that are becoming more and more structurally complex.
40. Eco-ethica: Volume > 8
Bernard Reber Critique, participation et démocratie: Et si on demandait l’avis des citoyens ?
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
The problem of interdependence is crucial for understanding the climate, with its interactions between land, water, and atmosphere, as well as with human activities, past and future. The concept of interdependence expresses two types of relationship, that of causality and that of responsibility. For the problems of climate governance as understood as a statistical average in the Conferences of the parties (COP), causal dependence is impossible to reconstruct precisely, notably because of the complexity of these phenomena. However, dependence does not only concern the domain of being, falling within the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the human descriptive predictive. It also concerns the ought-to-be and therefore the normative sciences (ethics, political theory, law, and normative economy). Here interdependence is much more problematic since it is opposed to freedom. This article discusses the various interdependencies and political solutions that are offered to take care of this needs, architectures for discussing climate change politically: systems (N. Luhmann) and deliberation (J. Habermas). It then proposes another solution, that of moral and political consideration.