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21. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 4 > Issue: 2
Mehmet Hilmi Demir Stalnaker’s Hypothesis: A Critical Examination of Hájek’s Counter Argument
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According to what is known as Stalnaker’s hypothesis, the probability of a conditional statement is equal to the conditional probability of the statement’s consequent given the statement’s antecedent. Starting with David Lewis, many have attempted to show that this hypothesis cannot be true for non-trivial probability functions. These attempts, which are known as the triviality results, cannot refute the hypothesis conclusively, because the triviality results usually rest on controversial assumptions such as the closure of conditionalization. In addition to the triviality results, there is one often cited argument against Stalnaker’s hypothesis that does not seem to rest on a controversial assumption. The argument is Alan Hájek’s 1989 reductio argument, which purportedly shows that Stalnaker’s hypothesis leads to outright contradiction. In this paper, I critically evaluate Hajek’s reductio argument and show that it is not a valid argument. His argument is simply an instance of the petitio principii fallacy. On the positive side, I argue that my critical evaluation of Hajek’s argument brings us one step closer to the reconciliation of the analytical and empirical examinations of Stalnaker’s hypothesis.Literatürde Stalnaker hipotezi olarak bilinen iddiaya göre, bir şartlı önermenin olasılığı, o önermenin art bileşenin ön bileşeninine şartlı olasılığına eşittir. David Lewis’in 1976 tarihli makalesinden beri birçok felsefeci bu iddianın sadece basit ve sıradan (trivial) olasılık fonksiyonları için geçerli olduğu, diğer daha işlevli (non-trivial) olasılık fonksiyonlarına uygulanamayacağını göstermeye çalışmışlar ve bu hedef doğrultusunda birçok ispat sunmuşlardır. Ancak sıradanlık sonuçları (triviality results) olarak bilinen bu tür ispatların Stalnaker hipotezini tam olarak reddetmeye yeterli olmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Çünkü bu ispatların büyük bir çoğunluğu koşullamanın kapalılığı (closure of conditionalization) gibi tartışmalı olan varsayımlara dayanmaktadır. Literatürde tartışmalı herhangi bir varsayıma dayalı olmadığı iddia edilen ve sıklıkla gönderme yapılan bir başka argüman daha mevcuttur. Alan Hájek’in 1989 tarihli makalesinde olmayana ergi metodu ile geliştirdiği bu argüman, herhangi tartışmalı bir varsayıma dayanmadan, Stalnaker hipotezinin doğrudan çelişkiye neden olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu makalede Hájek’in argümanının geçerliliği detaylı olarak incelenmekte ve sonuçta söz konusu argümanın petitio principii çıkarsama hatasını barındırdığı ve bu sebeple de geçerli olmadığı tespit edilmektedir. Pozitif katkı olarak ise bu varılan tespitin Stalnaker hipotezinin analitik ve ampirik değerlendirmeleri arasında var olan uyuşmazlığın giderilmesinde bir adım daha ileri gitmemizi sağladığı iddia edilmektidir.
22. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 4 > Issue: 2
Funda Neslioğlu Serin “The Strong Programme” and the Rationality Debate
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Various approaches have been made for understanding the nature of science and scientific knowledge. The social factors that played some role during the choice of scientific theories (like the theory of evolution) in the nineteenth century popularised the opinion that the scientific knowledge is the subject of a sociological research. During the ongoing discussions, one of the explanation or the justification models that was proposed is known as “the Strong Programme.” The main claim of “the Strong Programme” is that the social factors have a determining role for the choice of scientific theories, rather than the rational and universal criteria one may expect. Hence, those who were behind this view rejected all of the rational analyses made for the sciences and the scientific methods. In this paper, we try to investigate the validity of the claims of “the Strong Programme,” and to clarify whether it is possible to understand the real nature of science without any rational approach. It is argued that it would be insufficient to determine the content of the science merely by the social factors, the natural facts might be meaningful by themselves as well.Bilimin ve bilimsel bilginin doğasını açıklamak için farklı pek çok yaklaşım geliştirilmiştir. Özellikle ondokuzuncu yüzyıldaki bazı bilimsel kuramların (evrim kuramı gibi) tercihinde toplumsal etmenlerin rolünün gözlemlenmesi, bilimsel bilginin toplumbilimsel bir araştırma konusu olduğu kanısını yaygınlaştırmıştır. Bu süreçte ortaya konan açıklama ve gerekçelendirme modellerinden biri de “Strong Programme” (Güçlü Program) olarak anılandır. “Strong Programme” ın temel savı, bilimsel kuramların tercihinde sanıldığı gibi ussal ve evrensel ölçütlerin değil, toplumsal etmenlerin belirleyici olduğu yönündeydi. Dolayısıyla bu görüşü savunanlar, bilim ve bilimsel yöntem için ortaya konan tüm ussalcı çözümlemeleri reddettiler. Bu çalışmada, “Strong Programme”ın ileri sürdüğü savların haklılığı ve sanıldığı gibi usçu bir yaklaşım olmaksızın bilimin gerçek doğasını anlamanın olanaklı olup olmadığı soruşturulmaktadır. Bilimin içeriğinin bütünüyle ve sadece toplumsal etmenlerce belirlenemeyeceği, doğa olaylarının da kendi başlarına anlamlı olabileceği ileri sürülmektedir.
23. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 4 > Issue: 3
Emrah Konuralp Attempts on Non-Reductionist Marxist Theory of the State: A Stimulating Rehearsal or a Coherent Approach?
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As an oversimplification of economic reductionism, the base/superstructure metaphor is over identified with Marxist theory of the state, and the state has been considered to be corresponding to the latter. This over identification was seen inconvenient by some Marxist theoreticians who have been looking forward to analyse the state through a non-reductionist perspective. In this article, those attempts are compared and contrasted by dividing them into two categories and by using open Marxism as the banner of a distinctive group among non-reductionists. The main theme of this article is to clarify major theses of non-reductionists and to address to the apparent tensions within themselves. Despite their points of differentiations, they share a commonality in their hostility towards ‘traditional historical materialism’ and even towards structural Marxism. The positions mentioned in this article may not be considered as a coherent and consistent non-reductionist theory of the state due to their variations within themselves; however, at least they are successful as contemporary ‘attempts’ of non-reductionist Marxist theory of the state that would pave ground to a more consistent theory. In this article, they are considered to be stimulating as they ground their unease with reductionism on appealing issues.Ekonomik indirgemeciliğin bir yalınlaştırması olan altyapı/üstyapı metaforu Marksist devlet kuramıyla aşırı özdeşleştirilmektedir ve bu bağlamda devletin üstyapıya denk düştüğü düşünülmektedir. Bu aşırı özdeşleştirme, devleti indirgemeci olmayan bir bakış açısıyla çözümlemeye çaba gösteren bazı Marksist kuramcılar tarafından uygunsuz bulunmuştur. Bu makalede, bu çabalar sınıflara ayrılarak karşılaştırılmıştır ve açık Marksizm, indirgemeci olmayan yaklaşımlar içinde farklı bir grubun etiketi olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu makalenin ana teması, indirgemeci olmayan yaklaşımların temel tezlerini ortaya koymak ve bunlar arasındaki görünür gerilimlere dikkat çekmektir. Farklılaştıkları noktalar olmasına karşın ‘geleneksel tarihsel maddecilik’ ve yapısalcı Marksizme karşı tutumları ortaktır. Bu makalede ele alınan yaklaşımlar kendi aralarındaki çeşitliliklerden ötürü açık ve tutarlı bir indirgemeci olmayan devlet kuramı olarak değerlendirilmeyebilir; ancak, bunlar en azından daha tutarlı bir indirgemeci olmayan çağdaş Marksist devlet kuramına doğru evrilecek başarılı ‘çabalar’dır. Bu makalede, bu çabalar sorunları ele almada indirgemeciliğe karşı tedirginliklerini temellendirdikleri ölçüde ufuk açıcı görülmektedir.
24. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 4 > Issue: 3
Tevfik Uyar A Secondary Tool for Demarcation Problem: Logical Fallacies
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According to Thagard, the behavior of practitioners of a field may also be used for demarcation between science and pseudoscience due to its social dimension in addition to the epistemic one. I defended the tendency of pseudoscientists to commit fallacies, and the number of fallacies they commit can be a secondary tool for demarcation problem and this tool is consistent with Thagardian approach. In this paper, I selected the astrology as the case and I revealed nine types of logical fallacies frequently committed by astrologers while introducing their field and/or defending their claims against the scientific inquiries and refutation efforts. I also argued that recognizing these fallacies may help the audience to demarcate between the scientific and the pseudoscientific arguments.Thagard’a göre sözdebilimlerin epistemolojik boyutunun yanı sıra sosyal boyutu da bulunmaktadır ve bilim ve sözdebilim ayrım probleminde bir alanın uygulayıcılarının davranışları da bir araç olarak kullanılabilir. Bu makalede sözdebilimcilerin mantıksal safsata kullanmaya olan eğilimleri ve safsataya başvurma sıklıklarının bilim-sözdebilim ayrımında kullanılabilecek ikincil bir araç olduğu savunulmaktadır. Örnek olarak astroloji sözdebilimi seçilmiş ve astrologların alanlarını tanıtırken ya da savunurken sıklıkla başvurdukları dokuz mantıksal safsataya yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca bu safsataları tanımanın bilimsel ve sözdebilimsel argümanları ayırt edebilmede yardımcı olacağı ileri sürülmüştür.
25. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Mehmet Hilmi Demir Counterfactuals and Context: A Response to Brogaard and Salerno
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According to the standard interpretation, counterfactuals fail to satisfy the following inference rules: contraposition, strengthening the antecedent and hypothetical syllogism. Contrary to the standard interpretation, Brogaard and Salerno (2008) argue that counterfactuals do satisfy these inference rules when context features are kept fixed in evaluating arguments with counterfactuals. For them, the main reason behind claiming that counterfactuals fail to satisfy these inference rules is the illicit shift in context when evaluating the arguments in question. If true, Brogaard and Salerno’s claim would have a devastating effect on the counterfactuals literature because almost the entire literature is based on the assumption that counterfactuals do not satisfy those inference rules. Given its importance, Brogaard and Salerno’s claim is examined in this paper. They are right in claiming that contextual features must be kept fixed throughout the evaluation of an argument, but the rest of their claim rests on a faulty reasoning. In the paper, I show that counterfactuals do fail to satisfy contraposition, strengthening the antecedent and hypothetical syllogism even when contextual features are kept fixed throughout the evaluation of an argument in the way Brogaard and Salerno require.Karşıolgusal önermelerin Lewis tarafından geliştirilen standart yorumuna göre, normal şartlı önermeler kullanıldığında geçerli olan bazı çıkarsama kuralları karşıolgusal önermeler kullanıldığında geçersiz olmaktadır. Bu çıkarsama kurallarından öne çıkanlar şunlardır: tersevirme, önbileşen güçlendirme ve varsayımsal kıyas. Brogaard ve Salerno (2008), literatürde genel kabul gören standart yorumun aksine, bu bahsi geçen çıkarsama kurallarının karşıolgusal önermeler kullanıldığında dahi geçerli olduğunu iddia etmektedirler. Brogaard ve Salerno’ya göre bu çıkarsama kurallarının kullanıldığı argümanları değerlendirirken eğer bağlama dair özellikler sabit tutulur ise bu durum açıkça görülecektir. Yani Brogaard ve Salerno'ya göre bahsi geçen çıkarsama kurallarının karşıolgusal önermeler için geçerli olmadığının düşünülmesi, argümanların değerlendirilmesinde bağlam özelliklerinin farkında olmadan değiştirilmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Brogaard ve Salerno’nun bu iddiası, eğer doğru ise, çok önemlidir. Çünkü karşıolgusal önermeler üzerine olan literatürün tümü standard yoruma ve onun doğurduğu sonuçların kabulüne dayanmaktadır. Brogaard ve Salerno’nun iddiası doğru ise bu literatürün tümü anlamsızlaşacaktır. Bu makalede Brogaard ve Salerno’nun iddiası detaylı olarak incelenmektedir. Brogaard ve Salerno’nun belirttiği gibi argümanlar değerlendirilirken bağlama dair özellikler sabit tutulmalıdır. Ancak bağlama dair özellikler sabit tutulduğunda dahi karşıolgusal önermeler bahsi geçen çıkarsama kurallarını geçersiz kılmaktadır. Yani, Brogaard ve Salerno’nun ana iddiası yanlıştır. Bu makalede bu yanlışlık gösterilmektedir.
26. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 5 > Issue: 2
Arman Besler Syllogistic Expansion in the Leibnizian Reduction Scheme
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The standard inferential scheme of traditional assertoric syllogistic, based on the initial chapters of Aristotle’s Prior Analytics, employs single-premissed deductions, i.e., principles of immediate inference, in the reduction of imperfect valid moods to perfect moods. G. W. Leibniz (among others) has attempted to replace this scheme with his own version of syllogistic reduction (the core of which is, again, based on Aristotle’s observations on syllogistic transformation), in which the principles of immediate inference themselves are modelled as (and hence justified by means of) valid syllogisms. This paper examines the place of this modelling, i.e. syllogistic expansion, of immediate inferences in Leibniz’s scheme of syllogistic reduction (which he describes in his Nouveaux Essais and presents in one of his papers on syllogistic), and shows through this examination that the tenability of the whole scheme actually hinges on the interpretation to be given for the categorical propositional forms. Geleneksel asertorik tasım kuramının, Aristoteles’in Birinci Çözümlemeler’inin ilk bölümlerine dayanan standart çıkarım planı, eksik geçerli kipleri tam/mükemmel kiplere indirgemek için bazı tek öncüllü dedüktif çıkarımları, yani dolaysız çıkarım ilkelerini kullanır. G. W. Leibniz, bu planın yerine, özü itibariyle yine Aristoteles’in tasımsal dönüştürme hakkındaki gözlemlerine dayanan, kendi tasımsal indirgeme örneğini koymaya girişenlerden birisidir. Leibniz’in indirgeme planında, dolaysız çıkarım ilkelerinin kendileri, geçerli tasımlar olarak modellenir (ve dolayısıyla onlar yoluyla gerekçelendirilir). Bu çalışma, dolaysız çıkarımların bu modellemesinin, yani tasımsal genleştirmenin, Leibniz’in (Nouveaux Essais’de betimlediği ve tasım hakkındaki yazılarından birinde sunduğu) tasımsal indirgeme planındaki yerini incelemekte ve bu inceleme yoluyla bütün bir indirgeme planının savunulabilirliğinin, aslında, kategorik önerme biçimleri için verilecek yoruma bağlı olduğunu göstermektedir.
27. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 6 > Issue: 2
İsmail Serin The Problem of Transition in Kant’s Opus Postumum
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In this paper, I try to reveal the nature of the transition problem in Kant’s Opus Postumum. Scientific developments in eighteenth century, particularly the ones in chemistry, forces philosophers to re-evaluate the role of scientific findings in the philosophical debates. In addition to these crucial developments, we observe that the a prioricity for Kant primarily depends on the physical nature of the matter which implies moving forces, but the developments in chemistry add a new dimension to the problem. Once again, Kant, after the publication of the third Critique, starts to think about the possibility of a transition from The Metaphysical Foundation of Natural Science to physics. If we succeed to construct a proper transition, we not only save the sciences from being just aggregation of the empirical data, but we may fill the gap between the knowledge about the matter and the nature as a whole.
28. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 6 > Issue: 2
Tuğba Sevinç The Nature of Human Activity: A Critical Assessment of Arendt’s Views on Marx
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In this work I present some of Arendt’s criticisms of Marx and assess whether these criticisms are fair. I claim that Arendt reads Marx erroneously, which results in her failure to grasp certain similarities between Marx and herself, at least on some points. It is important to mention that Arendt’s interest in Marx is part of a wider project she pursues. She believes that Marx’s theory might allow us to establish a link between Bolshevism and the history of Western thought. Marx’s notion of history and progress enables Arendt to support her claim that Marx’s theory involves totalitarian elements. By way of correcting Arendt’s misreading of Marx, my purpose has been to get a better understanding of the theories of Marx and Arendt, as well as to see their incompatible views regarding the nature of human activity and of freedom. Arendt charges Marx of ignoring the most central human activity, that is ‘action’; and of denying human beings a genuine political existence and freedom. Furthermore, according to Arendt, Marx conceives labor as human being’s highest activity and ignores the significance of other two activities, namely work and action. In the last analysis, Marx and Arendt prioritizes distinct human activities as the most central (labor and action, respectively) to human beings; and as a result, they provide us two irreconcilable views of politics, history and freedom.
29. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 7 > Issue: 2
Zeliha Dişci Orcid-ID Emancipation in Capitalist Society: Sovereignty as Renunciation and Expenditure in the Thought of George Bataille
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This study aims to reveal the meaning of sovereignty in the context of Georges Bataille’s critique of capitalist society. In order to determine how Bataille thinks about sovereignty, it firstly touches upon the conception of the capitalist society of the thinker. It draws attention to the nature of the practices here limited to capitalist production and profit/usefulness. This limit causes people to be alienated and enslaved. Then, in the face of the limited, that is, homogeneous structure of capitalist society, this study deals with the heterogeneous structure of existence in Bataille’s view. It points out that the heterogeneous structure of existence is the primary condition of sovereignty and emancipation. It then clarifies the relationship of sovereignty with renunciation by determining the content of sovereignty. From the viewpoint of Bataille, sovereignty becomes visible through non-productive activities and therefore it is in contrast with the homogeneous society that exists with only productive activities. Pure productive activities are the most important activities that enslave humans and cancel sovereignty. According to Bataille, sovereignty dies in the life where concern bows to the future and the production. The way of capturing sovereignty in capitalist society is hidden in actions that give up being productive. Thus sovereignty is defined by the notion of expenditure rather than accumulation. The expenditure means renouncing possession and accumulation. To leave behind the forms of existence which are demanded by the capitalist society is to relinquish them. Consequently, the expenditure and relinquishing appear as two overlapping activities in sovereignty.
30. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 7 > Issue: 2
Volkan Çifteci Orcid-ID The Significance of Time, Being and Transcendence on the Road to the Heideggerian Authentic Self
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This paper attempts to reveal the meaning of Heideggerian self on the basis of time. In the course of this, it examines Heidegger’s following terms: time, the self, the world and Being. In the present paper, the notions of anxiety, death, the call, freedom, transcendence, resolution and temporality (time) constitute a frame for articulating the meaning of the authenticity of Dasein. The road to the authentic self is challenging since it is not something already given; rather, the self is something to be accomplished. Dasein must accomplish it by making life its own. To achieve this, the elaboration of the meaning of “the Being of beings” in the exploration of Dasein must be the first step. For it is Dasein who can give an answer to the question of the meaning of “Being”.
31. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 8 > Issue: 2
Özüm Hatipoğlu Orcid-ID Özüm Hatipoğlu
Philosophical Architectonics and Theatricality in Gilles Deleuze’s Theory
Gilles Deleuze’ün Kuraminda Felsefi Arkitektonik ve Teatrallik

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Theatricality, as a methodological basis of Deleuze’s theory, insinuates a new thought of Being/beings by emancipating philosophy from its anthropological orientation. Despite the fact that the phenomenological methodologies attempted to link the transcendental with the empirical domain, the source of reflexivity was still the subject. Deleuze’s ontological repetition maintains the infinite reflection of the transcendental and the empirical domains into each other, yet it posits the symbolic order as the third order where the infinite reflexive expansion between concept and matter becomes immanently transcended. By taking this formulation as its point of departure, this article analyzes how Deleuze’s notion of theatricality operates as the self-reflexive and excessive origin of thought.
32. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 9 > Issue: 2
Cansu İrem Meriç Orcid-ID Cansu İrem Meriç
Extended Mind as a Different Way to Realize Cognition
Bilişi Gerçekleştirmenin Farklı Bir Yolu Olarak Genişletilmiş Zihin

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The main claim of the famous paper “The Extended Mind”, written by Clark and Chalmers (CC), is that the mind could literally extend into the external world. Among the many opponents of this claim, Robert Rupert has raised two main objections against it. The first, depending on the acceptance or denial of the possible 4th feature the hypothesis of extended cognition (HEC) is either insignificant or implausible and the second, external cognitive states are so immensely different from internal ones that they should be counted as distinct. In this paper, I will not only answer Rupert’s criticisms through system-respond and differences in R-properties, but I will, in the end, also respond to the criticisms on extended mind, which are based on the observation that it is not as groundbreaking as it first appeared to be, and claim that even if that is the case, it doesn’t posit a problem to its significance.
33. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 9 > Issue: 2
Özlem Barin Gürbüz Özlem Barin Gürbüz
Bergson’s Notion of Duration as Drive
İtki Olarak Bergson’un Süre Kavramı

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A renewed interest into the philosophy of Bergson in the last decades brings his central notion duration to the fore of lively discussions. This renewed interest certainly has its source in Deleuze’s Bergsonism, where he declared Bergson’s philosophy as an alternative to phenomenology that dominated the philosophical discussions throughout the 20th century. Deleuze’s attempt to put Bergson as an alternative to phenomenology was a protest against the phenomenological tradition, which denounced Bergson’s analysis of duration as it is first developed in Time and Free Will as remaining within the confines of psychological realism and reducing time to a flowing, fluid thing that resides in consciousness. In an attempt to contribute to the Deleuzian interpretation that defends Bergson’s notion of duration against its phenomenological criticisms, I argue in the present study that the notion of duration as developed by Bergson in Time and Free Will can be best interpreted in terms of a Leibnizian notion of force. Following Bergson’s criticism of reduction of time to a homogeneous medium in the work of Kant, I introduce Bergson’s analysis of duration as a drive that prolongs the past of consciousness into its present. In doing this I take a detour through Heidegger’s interpretation of Leibniz’s vis activa as drive.
34. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 9 > Issue: 1
James Griffith Orcid-ID James Griffith
The Anarchy of Justice: Hesiod’s Chaos, Anaximander’s Apeiron, and Geometric Thought
Adaletin Anarşisi: Hesiodos’un Kaos’u, Anaksimender’in Apeiron’u ve Geometrik Düşünce

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This article examines Hesiod’s Chaos and Anaximander’s apeiron individually and in relation to each other through the frame of René Descartes’ notion of natural geometry and through bounds and limits in Euclid and Immanuel Kant. Thanks to this frame, it shows that, in his poetic vision, Hesiod saw in Chaos the act of bounding such that different things can appear while, in his speculative vision, Anaximander saw in the apeiron the self-limiting limit of bounded things, which is to say, time as distinct from the temporality of bounded things resulting from Chaos. Thus, together, Chaos and the apeiron present the spatiotemporal order of the world. Finally, delving further into Anaximander’s fragment shows that the justice (dike) ruling over all includes the apeiron as the time foundational to temporality, meaning justice is without foundation and therefore anarchic.
35. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 9 > Issue: 1
Erinç Aslanboğa Orcid-ID Erinç Aslanboğa
Essay on Different Modalities of Loss
Kaybin Farkli Kipleri Üzerine Bir Deneme

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This article, starting with the experience of the other's death, thinks about the questions and problems revealed by different modalities of loss. Mourning and Melancholia, the text written by Freud during the First World War and the critical rereading of this text by Derrida and Butler constitute the main axis of this article. Initially, the Freudian definition of mourning and melancholy, their distinctive features, their points of convergence and divergence, the relationship between so-called normal mourning and so-called pathological melancholy will be presented to show the ambiguity of their limits and their opposition. Secondly, one of the distinctive features of Freudian melancholy that is the transformation of the loss of the other into the loss of the self will be taken up and problematized in dialogue with Butler to bring out the place of the other as well as of its loss in the constitution of the self. This discussion makes it possible to expose how the loss of the other, which moves us from the question of detachment to that of attachment, reveals the non-identity of the self, altered by the other. The third part of this article, problematizing the finality of mourning, which is the substitution of the other, focuses on Derrida's thought that renew the approach to mourning and melancholy by introducing the concepts of “introjection” and “incorporation”. Derrida's ethic of mourning, which aims to avoid the assimilation of the other to the same, is based on a double bind between the possibility and the impossibility of mourning. The article concludes with a brief review of the relationship between identity and alterity revealed by different modalities of loss to respond differently to the question: How to return to life after the experience of the other's death?
36. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 9 > Issue: 1
Gülizar Karahan Balya Orcid-ID Gülizar Karahan Balya
Affirming the Pandemic or Aversion to Life? A Nietzschean Assessment
Pandemiyi Olumlamak ya da Hayata Yüz Çevirmek: Nietzscheci Bir Değerlendirme

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This paper is a reflection on the impacts of the Coronavirus pandemic on social life and draws on Nietzsche’s views on pessimism, will to power and affirmation. The question that lies at its centre is what it means to experience the pandemic with an affirmative or a life-negating attitude. It aims to open up a space for discussion for how the pandemic actually is or can possibly be experienced affirmatively. In order to do so, first of all it provides an outline of Nietzsche’s analysis of the ancient Greek culture and the Greek myth of the wisdom of Silenus and secondly Nietzsche’s critique of the ascetic ideal. Lastly, putting the two topics side by side, it explores reactions towards the current pandemic on a scale of economy ranging from preservation to enhancement.
37. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 9 > Issue: 1
Funda Neslioğlu Serin Orcid-ID Funda Neslioğlu Serin
Evaluation of Some Recent Debates on Scientific Progress
Bilimsel İlerleme İle İlgili Son Tartişmalarin Değerlendirilmesi

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At first glance, what scientific progress means seems to be a quickly answered question. It is not easy to think of the sciences without progress; sciences and the notion of progress seem identical in general. Describing the nature of scientific progress is an important task that will have practical and theoretical consequences. The approach, which argues that the background on which sciences are based does not have a historical or cultural character following the positivist interpretation, accepts sciences as testing the validity of observation and experiment data to a large extent. On the other hand, the tendency that emphasizes that the complex functioning of the history of science has an indelible mark on scientific theories prefers to build sciences on a historical and social basis. How both major approaches ground the idea of scientific progress profoundly affects both our understanding of the nature of scientific knowledge and the way we do science. This paper aims to evaluate scientific progress based on the views of prominent philosophers of science in the twentieth century.
38. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 9 > Issue: 1
Özlem Duva Kaya Orcid-ID Özlem Duva Kaya
Would a Feminist Appropriation of the Kantian Thought be Possible?
Kantçi Düşüncenin Feminist Maledilişi Olanakli Midir?

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It is one of the main allegations impelled by feminist theorists against Kant's philosophy that the subject Kant placed at the base of his understanding of rationality is masculine, a Westerner and belongs to upper/middle class. In fact, there is considerable supporting evidence to promote this claim for mainstream Western philosophy in general and Kant's philosophy in particular. On the other hand, while reckoning with the history of philosophy, and examining whether it is possible to break away from philosophical concepts and categories or not, is another matter of discussion. In this article, I try to focus on various possibilities that can reconcile Kant's philosophy with the demands of liberal feminism and an inclusive democratic participation principle. It is important that to discuss whether it is possible to make a new reading that can be reconciled with feminist demands by ignoring the misogynistic discourses in Kant's works, especially starting from the concepts of autonomy and personality. Today, many factors like traditions, prejudices, oppressive forms of government, etc. prevent women from taking part in public life as free agents and autonomously, and from being considered as “subjects with the status of rights”. Therefore, I argue that Kant's concepts such as autonomy, becoming a person and having the conditions for free action, do have something in common with feminist demands.
39. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 10 > Issue: 2
Anıl Ünal Orcid-ID Anıl Ünal
A Close Reading of the Imitation Game
Taklit Oyununun Yakın Bir Okuması

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This essay delves into Alan Turing's "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", examining the entrenched the binary opposition between human and machine. Through deconstruction, the essay seeks to reveal and analyze the deeper insights inherent in Turing's work. Of particular significance is Turing's equivalence between language and thought, particularly in the context of the imitation game. Within the grammatological realm of Turing's text, writing and mechanism are nearly interchangeable, representing the intersection of humans and machines. By adopting a deconstructive perspective, the essay illuminates the philosophical origins of the artificial intelligence debates and their implications for our understanding of human existence.
40. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 10 > Issue: 2
Zübeyir Ovacik Orcid-ID Zübeyir Ovacik
Making an Effort to Find out the Laws of the Historical Existence Field: A Discussion on the Possibility of Philosophy of History in Ibn Khaldun
Tarihsel Varlık Alanının Yasalarının Keşfine İlişkin Bir Çaba Ortaya Koymak

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The philosophical consciousness, aiming to attain universal knowledge, not only contemplates the meaning and value of the laws prevalent in nature but also dedicates time to the realm of historical and cultural existence shaped by specific events. Many philosophers have been primarily concerned with exploring the laws governing the field of cultural and social existence, where humans humanize themselves as social beings. Ibn Khaldun, a distinguished thinker, has made significant contributions to the field of humanities, particularly in the philosophy and science of history, approaching it with a perspective closely aligned with modern scientific understanding. Ibn Khaldun proposed original ideas on the methodologies of historical and social sciences, suggesting that laws similar to those in natural sciences can be discovered in history and social sciences. He delves into the merits of historiography, appreciates its various methods, and highlights historians' errors. Moreover, Ibn Khaldun, who presents an original metaphysics of history, initially endeavors to establish the fundamental principles that transform history into a scientific discipline encompassing social and political events. As one of the few thinkers to approach the realm of historical existence with philosophical interest, Ibn Khaldun adopts a rational and critical approach. Within this framework, he introduces a social and historical theory, referred to as "umran," to elucidate events within the domain of social and political existence. This article aims to shed light on Ibn Khaldun's unique perspective on the realm of historical and social existence and contribute to the ongoing discussions concerning this field.