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181. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 4 > Issue: 2
Traian D. Stănciulescu The Hierarchies of Light: from Biblical Intuition to Scientific Reason
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To understand – intuitively and analytically both – that man is a „being of light” created as a perfect „face and alikeness” and, implicitly, as a becoming measure of the cosmic „wave patterns”, is the main purpose of the present paper. To recuperate the language of the religion by the privilege of a new „living fields” science (biophotonics) means to realize rationally the millenary expectancy of the ESSENTIAL UNITY: man, cosmos, and divinity, harmoniously together.
182. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 4 > Issue: 2
Ioan Alexandru Tofan Early Theological Works Towards an Archeology of Certain Late Hegelian Motifs
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This article discusses the response which Hegel gives in his Lectures on the History of Philosophy to a problem which is first posed in his early writings. The problem is that of the possibility to comprehend the Absolute, the Infinity („Life” is the term Hegel uses in his Early Writings) using the reflexion as instrument. The later response is to see the concept (Begriff) in his speculative sense (in fact the form of absolute reflexion) as a spiritual, historical entity and so, as tradition of representation (Vorstellung). The tradition of a thought is what marks the passage from dominative, intelectual thinking to integrative, reasonable thinking.
183. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 4 > Issue: 2
Angela Ales Bello The Study of the Soul between Psychology and Phenomenology at Edith Stein
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In the study of the soul between psychology and phenomenology in Edith Stein works it becomes clearer that it is only phenomenology that really comes to gripswith the question of psychic causality by correlating the two moments and it is therefore only phenomenology that can respond to Hume’s objections while yetremaining on his selfsame terrain. It is very important to distinguish between psychology and phenomenology and also to clarify the relationship between psyche and consciousness; there is thus reproposed the distinction already made by Husserl, who stressed that when one sets out to look for the causes that determine psychic life, they must not be sought in life feelings (Lebensgefühle) but rather in the „modes” of a life force (Lebenskraft) that is announced in them. All this is indicated here within limits because psychology in itself is undoubtedly not a science of the spirit, though the psychic states, on the other hand, will not be validly understood unless and until one arrives, as is demonstrated in the essay under consideration, at the motivation and therefore the spiritual sphere. We would say that our body is animated by a psyche and further enlivened by the spirit.
184. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 4 > Issue: 2
Richard L. Lanigan Communicology: Towards A New Science of Semiotic Phenomenology
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The paper is a paradigmatic presentation of what the new science of communicology represents: the semiotic and phenomenological study of humandiscourse and the critical study of discourse and practice both, an interaction of communication, mass communications, popular culture, public relations, advertising, marketing, linguistics, discourse analysis, political economy, institutional analysis, organization of urban and rural spaces, ergonomics, body culture, clinical practice, health care, constructions of disease, health, and rehabilitation, human factors, signage, and so forth. Communicology is the human science research result in which validity and reliability are logic constructs based in the necessary and sufficient conditions of discovered systems (codes), whether eidetic (based in consciousness) or empirical (based in experience).
185. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 4 > Issue: 2
Carmen Cozma Mapping the Offer of the Phenomenology in Arts
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Among other modalities of arts” approach, phenomenological apparatus offers us a fruitful one in the endeavour to disclose part of the rich and in-depthmeanings that art in general unfolds through its products. Here, we are especially interested in phenomenology as a style of philosophizing and as a method of analysis, able to open new dimensions to the process of interpretation and comprehension the peculiar living of man in relation with arts. There are some paradigms that have been acknowledged by phenomenologists within the topics of dwelling upon the fullness of artistic logos in its potential of life experiencing, finally. In this essay we try to point out part of phenomenology”s opportunities to scrutinize, in an appropriate way, art as a significant creative phenomenon; and thus to reveal much more about an ideal essence communicating a fundamental order of beingness to which man has access.
186. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Daniel Ungureanu De paidéuma à la shari`a
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“From Paideuma to Shari’a”. Paideuma, concept developed by Leo Frobenius at the beginning of the XXth century, seems to regain its proper actuality when we try to understand the Islamic civilization. Among the roots which define a paideuma, in the particular case of Islam we identified the shari’a as being the most significant one. Shari`a also brings with it a new dimension: the continuous extension of the paideuma, which overpasses frontiers and national identities. The famous sartrian expression “hell is the other” may occur only if we don`t know the Other enough.
187. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Nicolae Rambu Orcid-ID Genio e Weltanschauung da Kant a Hitler
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During the Nazi regime, Immanuel Kant was the most studied German philosopher. The most important in this context is the theory of the genius and of thecreation of the genius that is developed especially in the Critique of Judgement. Kant defines the genius as the natural capacity of the personality to impose its own rules to the art. The Nazi ideologists had invoked this fact to justify philosophically the right of the Führer to impose its own rules to the art of politics. This is the reason of the attempt of the Nazi propaganda to project in the public conscience the image of one genius leader who, like the genius artist, imposes his own rules to the politics.
188. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Vlad Ichim The Political Plato
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This study deals with the issue of Plato’s political interest. Some say he had none. We’ll try to show that in fact he was very political, to the extent that the core ofhis work is a political agenda, and is politically orientated. There’s also the aspect of the relation between metaphysics and politics in his work; that is a delicate issue, as some consider that Plato “disguised” his political convictions in myths. That too will be taken into consideration.1. The number of metaphysical dialogues is small, compared to the vast majority of the platonic dialogues2. No only the writings, but also the life of Plato show him as political3. Even the “metaphysical” dialogues have a political agendaThere are authors that consider Plato to be no less than a forerunner of Christianity, a mystic conscious of the contemplation of an ideal “beyond”. One should bear in mind that Plato has even been declared a saint by the Orthodox Church. We choose to be more cautious in dealing with the interest that Socrates’ pupil is supposed to have taken into mystics (theory or practice). In the following pages, we’ll try to explain these reserves.
189. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Radu I. Petrescu Le baromètre de Flaubert ou Littérature et Réalité
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”The Barometer of Flaubert or Literature and Reality”. Discussing the relationship between literature and reality, this study focuses on the analysis of the“reality effect” (effet de réel) which is applied to the narrative technique in Gogol’s novel Dead Souls by revisiting it through a Nabokovian perspective.
190. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Phyllis Vandenberg Relationships and the spectator perspectives in Hutcheson, Hume, and Smith
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Looking closely at Adam Smith’s account of the spectator perspective – along with the compatible spectator accounts in Hutcheson and Hume – is especiallyhelpful to understanding one of the main themes of the Scottish Enlightenment. The Scots in response to Hobbesian egoism described a morality that does not need to overcome a human nature that pits individuals against each other. Rather each of the three Scots describes the empirical formation of our humanity and our moral sentiments in the context of relating to and observing others. The three spectator accounts of Smith, Hutcheson, and Hume clearly describe this involvement of others in the formation of morality. Adam Smith explicitly gives an accounting of the importance and, in fact, necessity of others in the formulating of not only our moral evaluations but also the very possibility of understanding one’s humanity and having an idea of morality at all. In this paper, I explain Smith’s account specifically along with its similarity to Hutcheson’s and Hume’s and argue that these empiricists ground moral sentiments in person to person relationships. For the three Scots, being human and developing a morality is begun in interactions with others. We formulate who it is we are and can be and determine acceptable ways to interact in the company of others.
191. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Simona Mitroiu The Culture at the Crossing between the Memory and the Oblivion
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The culture defines some of the elements that we consider identity guide marks. The continuity of the identity is very closely bonded to these cultural elements.The understanding of the modality to represent the identity is possible through the analysis of some of these cultural elements and of the correlations that these establish in the context of memory and oblivion. This paper analyzes the dynamics of these three elements: memory, identity and oblivion, in literature.
192. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Kazimierz Mrówka Le Concept de Logos chez Héraclite. L’Analyse Du Fragment B1
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“The concept of Logos at Heraclitus. The analyze of B1 fragment”. “Logos” is the most important word in the Heraclitus’ philosophy. One can tell, that Heraclitusis the philosopher of logos. The way of interpretation of this notion influences the comprehention of all work of the Greek thinker.The word appears eleven times in the following fragments : B 1, B 2, B 31, B 39, B 45, B 50, B 72, B 87, B 108, B 115 [numeration of Diels-Kranz]. Logos contains several notions, and it can not be reduced to one, as for exemple reason, speach, fire or god. The analyse of B1, where the logos apperas for the first time, shows the complexity of this term.
193. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Dan Chiţoiu The Theme of the Simplicity of the Mind as the Presupposition of the Byzantine Cultural Model
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This article discuss the origin of the Byzantine Cultural Model, influenced by the patristic anthropologic perspective, which discerns that present-day man is notgeneric man, but is at an intermediate stage, between a lost condition and one that could be attained. A dimension of the Eastern Christian understanding of man that is less known nowadays is related to the theme of the garment of skin. This is connected with another one, the theme of the simplicity of the mind.
194. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Horst Baier „Gedankenbilder. Kultur als Konstruktion und Konstitution des Sozialen – am Leitfaden Max Webers“
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“Analytical construct. The Culture as construct and the constitution of the social – fallowing Max Weber”. The key of this paper is the chalange to determinate theplace of the cultural sociology in the context of the general sociology and of the other cultural sciences, like cultural anthropology and ethnology. For doing that it is necessary to analize Max Weber’s concept: Gedankenbild.
195. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Tomiţă Ciulei Reflections on an Ignored Dimension of Pre-Socratic Philosophy: Knowledge
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This paper bases on a (great!) wrongful act which was made to Greek philosophy, and especially to the pre-Socratic one: the unilateral abatement of thestudies to those of cosmological nature. The big mutation would take place in Socrates’ time, who by the anthropology of the discourse takes philosophy to a theory of knowledge, through a program which would be perfected by Plato and especially by Aristotle. This is a point of view co-substantial to history of philosophy, which some times risks to charge in an alethic (good/bad) way a paradigm based on false discussions. Pre-Socratics were not only preoccupied by ontology, or even cosmology, as well as Aristotle was not a radical empirist. In the economy of thought the nuances are more important than a classification often made for our epistemological comfort.
196. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Magdalena Iorga Ethical Dilemmas in Academic Activity
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The nowadays academic teacher’s activity is split between teaching activity, scientific research concern and institutional goals. As it appears in the studies focusing on academic problems that the teacher’s orientation is going to be rather personal and professional than academic. The new generation of academic staff is trying to mix solutions in order to survive the ethical problems. Academic ethics seems to be in the middle of an important triangle: personal, professional and corporate ethics.
197. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 5 > Issue: 2
Aida Farhat Le Statut Personnel: Exemple : Le Serment du Dos (zihâr)
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In this article, I will try to explain the meaning of the word zihâr, translated as oath of the back, trying only to situate it in its context and to bring an elucidation of the subject`s origin. The zihâr is a type of repudiation used by a husband against his wife in the times of gâhiliyya (the ante-Islamic period), by using a solemn divorce formula which consists in saying: "let (her) be from now on as the back of my mother". Therefore, backing up on this formula, I want to try to clarify this concept.
198. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 5 > Issue: 2
Guy Trolliet Should Businesses and Corporations Set up a "Department of Islamic affairs"?
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In a world in which globalisation has opened the access to Muslim countries, Muslim community having been identified as a distinctive high potential market, the question if businesses and corporations should set up a „Department of Islamic affairs" became more than pertinent.
199. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 5 > Issue: 2
Carmen Cozma In Quest of the Measure's Restoration
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The acute consciousness of the moral crisis we face today makes us to inquire after the philosophy's opportunities in finding a viable way to overcome seriousworries concerning life, world, and human being. We think that the ethical value of measure and the correlated principle of "golden mean" could enlighten, on a high level, our understanding upon the real needs and purposes to be identified in assuming and cultivating a fitting attitude to an authentic humanness in accordance with the demands of nowadays characteristics of the globalization development. Returning to the measure's integrator meaning that has been acknowledged by the Ancient thinkers of the Western culture, in this essay we try to emphasize the capital significance of the notion at stake, beyond any particularities of temporal and spatial context, like a basic philosophical concept to be explored and activated in its valences of promoting and increasing the quality of life. We pronounce for the necessity of measure's restoration in which, first of all, our moral status in the world has to be grounded. More than ever, weneed to recover the measure as a guide in shaping human deliberations, choices, decisions making, actions into a constructive orbit, into equilibrium and order, security and harmony, into Good and Right, by commitment, respect for and responsibility toward the whole life on Terra. A culture of measure, eventually, is fully worth to be displayed in the framework of the moral philosophy in driving at the human well-being and at the wellness of the total existence, alike.
200. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 5 > Issue: 2
Aleksandra Pawliszyn Archaeology of the Body and Womanhood
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The subject of the paper is a philosophical analysis of the womanhood in the context of M. Merleau-Ponty`s ontology of corporeality (la chair). The womanhood is grasped (after Levinas) as a cosmic element, penetrating the tissue of the embodiment of the logos of the world. As an element of the same ontological level as death, the womanhood on the one hand brakes up the stability instilled in the human world and introduces an anxiety into a plural entity. On the other hand it also brings in a vigil, which generates responsibility for the stability instilled in the human world.