101.
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Studia Philosophica:
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Jiří Gabriel
Z Jednoty filosofické
Z Jednoty filosofické
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102.
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Studia Philosophica:
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Jiří Gabriel
Jiří Gabriel
Poznámky k životu a dílu filosofa Mihajlo Rostohara
Notes on the Life and Work of the Philosopher Mihajlo Rostohar
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Profesor filosofie a psychologie, slovinský rodák Mihajlo Rostohar (1878-1966), je známý především jako zakladatel Psychologického ústavu na FF MU a tvůrce brněnské celostní a experimentální psychologické školy. Méně často se připomíná, že v letech 1923-1926 byl vedoucím Filosofického semináře na FF Masarykovy univerzity a že jeho přechod z Karlovy univerzity, kde se v roce 1911 habilitoval z filosofie, do Brna byl ovlivněn také tím, že se tu s ním počítalo jako s nástupcem Otakara Zicha ve vedení filosofického semináře (psychologii, někdy i noetiku v něm přednášel až do roku 1939). Článek se zaměřuje na filosofická témata, většinou spjatá s jeho pojetím psychologie, pro něž se dostával do sporů zejména s pozitivisticky orientovaným Františkem Krejčím. Do popředí autorovy pozornosti se vedle Rostoharova názoru na náboženství dostávají jeho psychologické analýzy procesu poznání, jednotlivých jeho prvků smyslových i racionálních (Rostohar se habilitoval prací o hypotetických soudech), o úloze jazyka při myšlení, a v neposlední řadě také o odpovědnosti badatele za názory, jež předkládá veřejnosti. Rostoharovu bohatou činnost veřejnou, spolkovou a osvětovou připomíná závěrečná pasáž o jeho (stále aktuální) publikaci Národnost a její mravní význam.
Professor of philosophy and psychology, native Slovenian, Mihajlo Rostohar (1878-1966) is known primarily as the founder of the Institute of Psychology at Masaryk University in Brno and as the founder of the holistic and experimental psychological school in Brno. Less frequently it has been remembered that in the years 1923-1926 he was the head of the Seminar of Philosophy at the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University and that his transition from Charles University, where he received a habilitation in philosophy in 1911, to Brno was also influenced by the fact that he was considered as Otakar Zich's successor in the leadership of the Seminar of Philosophy (he lectured psychology, sometimes epistemology there until 1939). This article focuses on philosophical topics, mostly connected with his conception of psychology, through which he had disputes with the positivist oriented Frantisek Krejčí. The author's attention is focused on, besides Rostohar's opinion on religion, his psychological analyses of the process of cognition, the individual sensory and rational elements (Rostohar was awarded by his habilitation degree with the work on hypothetical judgments), the role of language in thinking, and not least the responsibility of researchers for their opinions, which they present to the public. The final part, which discuss Rostohar's (still up to date) book Nationality and its moral significance, recalls Rostohar's rich; public, social and educational activities.
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103.
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Josef Petrželka
Josef Petrželka
Editorial
Editorial
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104.
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Studia Philosophica:
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Jaroslav Cepko, Andrej Kalaš, Vladislav Suvák
Jaroslav Cepko
Ako sa stala Hipparchia z Maróneie slávnou filozofkou (historicko-filozofická interpretácia fragmentu SSR V I 1)
How Hipparchia of Maroneia became a famous female philosopher (an analysis of fr. SSR V I 1 from historical-philosophical viewpoint)
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Cieľom článku je nanovo reflektovať činnosť jednej z najslávnejších ženských filozofiek, Hipparchie z Maróneie. Naším zámerom je ukázať, prečo sa stala v porovnaní s inými ženami antiky taká významná a v mnohom signifikantná pre ďalší vývoj procesu ženskej emancipácie. Hlavným svedectvom je pre nás fragment SSR V I 1 od Diogena Laertského, ktorý kladieme do súvislosti s ďalšími antickými správami o Antisthenovi a raných kynikoch. Dve hlavné témy Diogenovho svedectva sú Kratétova svadba s Hipparchiou a spor Hipparchie s Theodórom. Vo výklade poukazujeme na momenty, v ktorých je filozofická osobnosť Hipparchie nadčasová a inšpiratívna aj pre súčasnosť.
The aim of the paper is rethinking the activity of one of the most famous ancient women philosophers, Hipparchia of Maroneia and showing why she – compared to other women of Antiquity – became so significant in development of women’s emancipation. The main testimony for us is the fragment SSR V I 1 by Diogenes Laertius, which we put in context with other ancient reports concerning Antisthenes and early Cynics. The two main themes of Diogenes’ testimony are Crates’ “marriage” to Hipparchia, and the controversy of Hipparchia with Theodorus. We reveal the aspect of Hipparchia’s personality, which could be inspiring for modern era, as well.
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105.
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Hana Řehulková
Hana Řehulková
Otázka Pilátova: pojem „pravda“ u K. Čapka
The Question of Pilat: The Notion of “Truth” in K. Čapek
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Článek představuje Čapkovo pojetí pravdy z hlediska filozofie a standardní epistemologie. Na základě Čapkových teoretických i uměleckých textů se příspěvek snaží nalézt odpověď na otázku „co je pravda“ a podřadit ji korespondenční teorii pravdy
The paper presents Čapek’s conception of truth from the point of view of philosophy and standard epistemology. Based on Čapek’s theoretical and artistic texts, the paper tries to find an answer to the question “what is truth” and subordinate it to the correspondence theory of truth.
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106.
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Marek Picha
Marek Picha
Myšlenkové experimenty ve filozofii: Gettierovy příklady
Thought Experiments in Philosophy: Gettier’s Examples
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107.
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Martin Nuhlíček
Martin Nuhlíček
Návod na použitie filozofického skepticizmu
Instructions for Use of Philosophical Skepticism
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108.
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Jakub Mácha
Jakub Mácha
Analytické teorie metafory: III. Nekognitivní teorie D. Davidsona
Analytic Theories of Metaphor: III. Davidson’s Noncognitive Theory
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109.
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Petr Jemelka
Petr Jemelka
Filosofie a „Weltschmerz“
Philosophy and „Weltschmerz“
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Tomáš Korda
Tomáš Korda
Hegel versus filosof Evo Morales
Hegel versus the Philosopher Evo Morales
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111.
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Lukáš Jurík
Lukáš Jurík
Ženevčan
A Genevan
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Gabriela Renátová
Gabriela Renátová
Až jednou budu učit filosofii na střední škole…
When I teach philosophy at a secondary school one day...
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113.
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Helena Pavlincová
Helena Pavlincová
Disertace a doktorské zkoušky z filosofie na Filosofické fakultě Masarykovy univerzity v letech 1924–1950
Dissertations and Doctoral Exams in Philosophy at the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University in 1924–1950
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Hana Zobalová
Hana Zobalová
Roušku dolů, klapka, jedeme
The mask down, Camera rolling, Action
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Takashi Kato
Filozof pod půlnočním sluncem
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To celebrate the 85th birthday of the Czech-American philosopher Professor Rudolph W. Krejci, the founder of the first Department of Philosophy and Humanities at the University of Alaska in Fairbanks, we bring a paper by his student, currently an associate professor in California, Takashi Kato, who shows how respected Professor Krejci is even by people far away from his homeland.
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Břetislav Horyna
Když nás vesmír začal brát na vědomí. Příspěvek k lepšímu pochopení metaforologie Hanse Blumenberga
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The goal of this work is to popularize the philosophy of the German philosopher Hans Blumenberg (1920–1999) in Czech context. Even though he is gradually becoming one of the most discussed authors in the Anglo-Saxon world, Blumenberg is still largely ignored here. This work focuses on a key theme from Blumenberg’s theory of metaphorology and analyzes the history and development of human defensive reactions against alleged expressions of cosmic powers and their impact on human lives: heavenly signs, unnatural signs at birth or death of important figures, religious miracles, etc. In order to defend themselves against absolute forces of the universe, people have developed magic (homo magus occurred in human history) as a tool of prevention from cosmic interference, created new myths and escaped into their mythical shelters by means of further metaphors. In the final part, the work deals with the phenomenology of the metaphor of „stream“, used by E. Husserl.
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Slavomír Lesňák
K niektorým nedostatkom vybraných environmentálnych prístupov
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The author aims to evaluate various approaches of environmental philosophers to several specific problems from the standpoint of ethics of survival. He points to weaknesses and risks of conceptions of F. Capra, A. Naess, P. Singer and J. Šmajs. The author accepts using irrationality only as a complement of education, not as its main principle. He rejects ethics not based on ontological ground and promotes process thinking in ethics. The author criticizes rejection of anthropocentric approach. He analyzes the connections between evolutionary ontology and totalitarianism. He questions Naess’ application of nonviolence, links irrationality and ecological terrorism.
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Hana Řehulková
Literatura a poznání
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The goal of the paper is to reconsider two incompatible stances on a possible cognitive gain from belles-lettres stories. Cognitivism is based on the fundamental state that a value of work of art is proportional to the degree of knowledge it brings. It is presupposed that a reader´s mental state before reading such stories is, in a way, poorer then thereafter. What kind of properties does such cognitive gain have? Is it a moral piece of knowledge? Or is it a piece of knowledge at all? A role of truth is mentioned. Two pros et cons arguments – namely Graham’s (argument about the cognitive value of the arts) and Stolnitz´s ones (argument about cognitive triviality of art) – are briefly examined. In the last part, a natural view of a literary cognitive gain is offered.
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Ivana Holzbachová
Tainovo pojetí společnosti a státu
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The author presents Hippolyte Taine´s conception of society and state, which are, in her interpretation as well as Taine´s theory, deeply interconnected. It is quite obvious, however, that Taine was a committed liberal. This follows from his explicit ideas on the function of the state, his ruthless criticism of the Jacobin phase of French Revolution and Napoleonic conception of state as well as the state in which he lived, because that state stemmed from the Napoleonic conception. In the second part the author focuses on Taine´s description of the English system. Taine sees both its advantages and drawbacks. Generally speaking, he finds the English system preferable to the French one. However, on the basis of the theory of race, moment and environment, it was not possible to implement the English model in France.
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Helena Zbudilová
Spásná trýzeň: Miguel de Unamuno a nesmrtelnost
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The study deals with the conception of personal immortality in Miguel de Unamuno’s works. The starting point of his reflections is a particular person of “flesh and blood“ and his authentic existence. Unamuno’s “hunger of immortality“ is inspired by man’s confrontation with the phenomenon of death. For Unamuno existential phenomena of suffering and anxiety seem to be the keyword to the authentic existence and God then becomes a guarantor of individual immortality. The study concentrates on Unamuno’s conception of God in the spirit of panentheism and Spanish Krausism. It observes Unamuno’s philosophical sources of information when discussing the question of immortality from Pythagoras to Platon while opposing the views of impersonal immortality (e.g. B. Spinoza). His theological argumentation is based mainly on S. Kierkegaard, St. Paul and Spanish mystics. His philosophical ideas are extracted especially from his works The Tragic Sense of Life, The Agony of Christianity and The Intimate Diary. His novella Saint Emmanuel The Good, Martyr serves as a fictional illustration of his ideas. The study concludes with the evaluation of Unamuno as an author writing “philosophizing literature“ and as a predecessor of existentialist literature, who was orientated towards Christian personalism.
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