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1. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 66 > Issue: 4
Ciro de Florio, Aldo Frigerio Ciro de Florio
Fragmented Future Contingents and Omniscience
Fragmentaryczne Przyszłe Zdarzenia Przygodne I Wszechwiedza

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In this paper, we have analyzed a number of solutions to the antinomy between divine foreknowledge and human freedom. If we assume that God is temporal, then a sort of backwards causation of past divine beliefs by future human acts must be acknowledged. Since this solution runs into difficulties, we consider the prospects of the view according to which God is outside time. A timeless and omniscient God seems to imply a B-theory of time and, at least at first glance, seems to jeopardize human freedom. Therefore, we have examined what happens when a non-standard A-theory of time like Fragmentalism is assumed. We demonstrate that in this case the prospects of a timeless view of God are much better: both human freedom and divine knowledge of the results of human choices are preserved if this metaphysics of time is adopted. The costs of this solution are, however, very high. From the logical point of view, it rejects bivalence; from the metaphysical point of view, the world is regarded as fragmentary and incoherent. However, if one is ready to accept these costs, this solution is one of the most successful in the search for a solution to the centuries-old problem of the conciliation between divine foreknowledge and human freedom.
.... REFERENCES CRAIG, William Lane. 1988. The Problem of Divine ... : Brill. CRAIG, William Lane. 2001. Time and Eternity: Exploring God ... called Ockhamism because, at least according to some interpretations, William ...
2. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 71 > Issue: 2
R. T. Mullins R. T. Mullins
The Trinitarian Processions
Trynitarne Pochodzenia

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William Hasker and I have a friendly disagreement over the doctrine of the Trinity. We both reject classical theistic attributes like divine timelessness and divine simplicity. Instead, we affirm that God is temporal and unified. Further, we reject so-called Latin models of the Trinity, and prefer social models of the Trinity. Where we disagree is over the doctrine of the processions of the Trinitarian persons. In this essay, I articulate some problems for the doctrine of the processions.
... in premise (IP3). Philosophers like William Lane Craig and myself suggest ... William Hasker and I have a friendly disagreement over the doctrine of the ... William Hasker i ja toczymy przyjacielski spór w kwestii doktryny Trójcy. Obaj ...
3. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 66 > Issue: 4
Jacek Wojtysiak Jacek Wojtysiak
Future Contingents, Ockhamism (Retroactivism) and Thomism (Eternalism)
Futura Contingentia, Ockhamizm (Retroaktywizm) I Tomizm (Eternalizm)

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In the current paper, I enter into debate with Marcin Tkaczyk and the chosen Anglo-Saxon analytic philosophers of religion to discuss the theological version of the problem of future contingents. I take into consideration some varieties of Ockhamism (retroactivism)—the position denying the temporal necessity (non-determination) of all past events and allowing some form of retroactivity. Strong Ockhamism postulates real retroactive causation, moderate Ockhamism limits it to the meanings of physical and psychical events, and weak Ockhamism replaces the notion of retroactive causation with that of retroactive dependence. I compare different forms of retroactivism with eternalism (of Boethius, St. Anselm of Canterbury, and St. Thomas Aquinas) to show that the latter has significant advantage. At the same time, I point out that eternalism in its presentist and relativist version (proposed by Brian Leftow) avoids the objections put forward against it, and that, within such eternalism, the problem of future contingents does not arise.
... the views of William Lane Craig): if God knew that Pontius Pilate ... connection to some claims of William of Ockham) is Ockhamic solutions ... 2008, 53; see CRAIG 2001, 262–3). It is worth noting here that it ...
4. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 56 > Issue: 2
Linda Zagzebski, Marcin Iwanicki Linda Zagzebski
Przedwiedza a wolna wola
Foreknowledge and Free Will

.... William Ockham odrzucił przesłank� (2) ze wzgl�du na to, �e konieczno ... �redniej, a tak�e odpowiedzi udzielone przez jej obro�ców. William Hasker (1989a, 1995 ...
5. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 66 > Issue: 4
Simo Knuuttila Simo Knuuttila
Medieval Approaches to Future Contingents
Średniowieczne Ujęcia Problemu Przyszłych Zdarzeń Przygodnych

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This paper discusses the main lines of medieval Latin approaches to future contingents with some remarks on Marcin Tkaczyk’s paper “The antinomy of future contingent events.” Tkaczyk’s theory shows some similarity with the general frame of the views of Ockham and Scotus, the difference being that while medieval authors argued for the temporal necessity of the past, Tkaczyk is sceptical of the general validity of this necessity. Ockham’s theological view was that God eternally has an intuitive and immutable knowledge of all possibilities as well as whether they are ever actualized or not (PANACCIO & PICHÉ 2010). The content of God’s past knowledge attitude remains contingent before the free choice takes place because God’s knowledge could be different similarly as the truth-value of the proposition. While Ockham held that no past or present thing follows from future things as an effect follows from its cause, this causal link is defended by Tkaczyk. Later thinkers thought that the doctrine of the scientia media sheds light on this question; perhaps it is easier to understand than the retroactive model which is not contradictory but difficult to imagine, as Tkaczyk concludes his paper.
... KNUUTTILA CRAIG, William Lane. 1988. The Problem of Divine ... temporal order and was not strictly speaking prescience. William Ockham and ... other than simply lacking a truth value (FREDE 1985; CRAIG 1988 ...
6. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 68 > Issue: 3
Jacek Wojtysiak Jacek Wojtysiak
God and Chance
Bóg i Przypadek

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In the present paper, I analyse six concepts of a chance event (as defined by Dariusz Łukasiewicz) and also propose a definition of the term “random event.” Rejecting the existence of entirely causeless events, I discuss the relationship between random events and God. The view I formulate is based on three principles: the principle of simultaneous concurrence, the principle of complementarity, and the principle of middle knowledge (inspired by Luis de Molina). In adopting these three principles, I can reconcile the existence of God conceived in a classical manner, as Creator and Lord of all events, with the existence of random events. The model I propose provides an alternative to the conceptions offered by different currents of (more or less) revisionist (open) theism, including Łukasiewicz’s probabilistic theism.
...” (Moreland and Craig 2003, 563). (2) The principle of complementarity ... creature would do in any set of circumstances” (Moreland and Craig 2003, 562 ... ” (Moreland and Craig 2003, 563). Applying the three ...
7. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 66 > Issue: 4
Marcin Tkaczyk Marcin Tkaczyk
The Antinomy of Future Contingent Events
Antynomia Przyszłych Zdarzeń Przygodnych

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The antinomy of future contingents is here understood as a trilemma whose horns are (a) the thesis of the closed past, (b) the thesis of the open future, and (c) the thesis that all events can be represented at any time. The latter thesis can take different forms, like the principle of bivalence or the thesis of divine foreknowledge. Different versions of (c) lead to different versions of the antinomy itself. The antinomy has been formalized. It hasbeen proven that the theses (a), (b), and (c) make up an inconsistent set but are consistent with each other. Possible solutions have been considered. It has been argued that there are only two global solutions to the antinomy: radical determinism (fatalism) and retroactive causality. The latter solution has been recommended and developed.
8. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 65 > Issue: 3
Dariusz Łukasiewicz Dariusz Łukasiewicz
Teizm a twardy inkompatybilizm
Theism and Hard Incompatibilism

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Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie stanowiska zwanego twardym inkompatybilzimem i porównanie go z teistyczną, a w szczególności współczesną chrześcijańską koncepcją wolności woli ludzkiej. Twardy inkompatybilizm głosi, że wolność woli ludzkiej, rozumiana zarówno w sposób libertariański,jak i kompatbilistyczny, nie istnieje. W artykule zwraca się uwagę na pewną zbieżność między tezą twardego inkompatybilizmu a opartą na Biblii mądrością chrześcijańską, głoszącą zależność ontyczną i aksjologiczną człowieka od Boga. Zarazemjednak argumentuje się, że jednym z najważniejszych składników teologii i filozofii chrześcijańskiej jest doktryna owol- ności woli ludzkiej i ludzkiej odpowiedzialności za zło. Doktryna ta jest niespójna z twardym inkompatybilizmem. W części końcowej artykułu przedstawionajest syntetycznie propozycja,jak można uzgodnić ze sobą tezę indeterminizmu metafizycznego, która jest spójna z twardym in- komatybilizmem, z tezą libertarianizmu, którajest niespójna z twardym inkompatybilizmem.
.... „Response to William Lane Craig”. W: Stanley N. Gundry i Dennis W ... Swinburne i William Hasker, wolną wolę poj muj ą w sensie ściśle ... will. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. HASKER, William. 1989. God ...
9. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 68 > Issue: 3
Dariusz Łukasiewicz Dariusz Łukasiewicz
Divine Providence and Chance in the World: Replies
Opatrzność Boża a Przypadek w Świecie: Odpowiedzi

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In the paper, I reply to the objections contained in the other papers in this issue raised against my conception of providence and chance presented in the opening article and the book from 2014. I argue that the existence of variously understood random events (chance) does not imply the thesis that God, the Creator of the world is not interested in the fate of individual creatures, including human beings. The reason why God can permit random events to occur is God’s will to create a relatively autonomous world that has the ability to self-develop and self-create. In such a world, there may be pointless evil for which God is not directly responsible.
... William Hasker puts it (this issue), I try to show that the existence of chance could ... and God’s action in the world, namely the papers by William ... Gębura, and Jacek Wojtysiak. REPLY TO WILLIAM HASKER ...
10. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 50 > Issue: 3
Józef M. Życiński Józef M. Życiński
Metaphysical and Epistemplogical Presuppositions in Stephen Hawking’s Interpretation of the Creation of the Universe
Metafizyczne i epistemologiczne założenia w Stephena Hawkinga ujęciu kreacji wszechświata

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... paper from Stern; cited by William Lane Craig in: W. L. C r a i g, Q. S m i t h ... attracted many philosophers. Steven E. Baldner and William E. Caroll ...