Displaying: 1-20 of 745 documents

0.196 sec

1. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 2 > Issue: 2
Mathias Grote Die „Kräfte des Organischen" Transformationen des Naturbildes in C.F. Kielmeyers Karlsschulrede
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
The so-called .Karlsschulrede. (1793) of the German naturalist Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer can be considered as a keystone to the understanding of"Naturphilosophie" both in German idealism (Schelling) and the romantic period.Kielmeyer's work considers life as the result of specific forces in the organic realm and thereby searches to explain the harmony of organic existence anddevelopment. Taking into account Kant.s outlines for a lifescience in the "Kritik der Urteilskraft" (1790), Kielmeyer's notion of teleological processes in nature is sketched. The historical and epistemological relevance of this "vital-materialistic" (Lenoir) theory of life can be characterized by three major transformations in the understanding of nature in the "Karlsschulrede": First, the development of a holistic, organological view on the world, second, the emphasis on phenomena of life as historical processes and third the analogy between organism and mind. These issues found the strong influence of Kielmeyer's text on philosophy and science in the early 19th-century.
2. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 2 > Issue: 2
Christian Möckel Krisis der Wissenschaftlichen Kultur? Edmund Husserls Forderung nach „Besinnung"
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Phenomenological philosophizing is practiced out of a sense of responsibility for contemporary culture, which is experienced as existing in a profoundcrisis. The first part of this contribution contains a systematization of the theory of crisis, a theory developed in many of Husserl's works: the description of the main phenomena of the consciousness of crisis, the explanation of crisis with regard to its causes, and the demands raised in order to overcome the crisis of scientific culture (»reflection«). Husserl's teachings on crisis are placed into close relation with his idea of science and science's Greek origin, an origin from which, according to Husserl, modern science has tragically distanced itself. It is argued, however, that Husserl was not at all a philosopher of decline or decay. The second part of this contribution represents an attempt to provide a critical and complex answer to the question as to the modern relevance and usefulness of Husserl's theory of crisis.
3. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 2 > Issue: 2
Till Kinzel Johann Georg Hamann - ein Sokrates des 18. Jahrhunderts
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Johann Georg Hamann, a contemporary of Kant and Herder, was an important German philosopher of the 18th century, whose significance, however, is not sufficiently recognized today. His cryptic and short writings full of allusions and deep scholarship do not make him an easily accessible writer. He was a sharp critic of sophistry maskerading as philosophy, thus taking over the role of Socrates for his time, connecting a defense of Christian beliefs with a radical re-interpretation of enlightenment, thereby trying to enlighten enlightenment about itself. Hamann's concept of reason as language is an important contribution to the understanding of human nature as such, stressing the concreteness and historicality of human reason. Contrary to earlier interpretations, though, Hamann is no irrationalist, but a thinker who ridicules the absurdities of enlightenment rationalism and proved to be an important source of inspiration for writers like Sören Kierkegaard and Ernst Jünger.
4. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 3 > Issue: 2
Alexandru Boboc Heideggers Ontologie und die Neuen Anwendungen der Phänomenologie und der Hermeneutik
5. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 3 > Issue: 2
Ovidiu Balan Ulysses Odyssea als innere Fahrt
6. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 4 > Issue: 1
Till Kinzel Shakespeares philosophische Kunst der Dichtung
7. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 4 > Issue: 1
Ovidiu Balan Umstrittene Anhänger der Seelenwanderungslehre
8. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 4 > Issue: 1
Héctor Wittwer Einige Schwierigkeiten in Kants Lehre von der Unsterblichkeit der Seele
9. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 4 > Issue: 1
Nicolae Râmbu Orcid-ID Schmerz und Kultur
10. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 4 > Issue: 2
Ovidiu Balan Betrachtungen über die Anfänge der altgriechischen Lehre der Seelenwanderung
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
In this article I argue that attendant on the acceptance of the idea of an immortal soul is a legitimate question concerning the soul's status before the individual's birth and after its death. Whether the Greeks were the originators of the doctrine of the transmigration of souls or this was an influence from another culture is still open to debate.
11. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Horst Baier „Gedankenbilder. Kultur als Konstruktion und Konstitution des Sozialen – am Leitfaden Max Webers“
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
“Analytical construct. The Culture as construct and the constitution of the social – fallowing Max Weber”. The key of this paper is the chalange to determinate theplace of the cultural sociology in the context of the general sociology and of the other cultural sciences, like cultural anthropology and ethnology. For doing that it is necessary to analize Max Weber’s concept: Gedankenbild.
12. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 6 > Issue: 2
Raphael Bexten Was ist der zureichende für die unverlierbare Würde des Menschen?
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
'What is the sufficient reason for the inalienable dignity of man?' If man has an inalienable dignity, there has to be an ontologically sufficient reason for the inalienable dignity of man. We find this ontologically sufficient reason for the inalienable dignity of man in the ontological being and essence of man, according to our thesis. We argue that the human being is a 'person in a body.' To be a person is an objective inestimable value, it is the objective value par excellence. We are persons from the beginning (conception), because it is not possible to become 'someone.' We argue that the intrinsic preciousness of being a person is the ontologically sufficient reason for the inalienable dignity of man. We do not want to separate values from beings; the inalienable dignity of the human person is the heart of his being and essence. Therefore we should speak more often of man, insofar as he is inestimably precious.
13. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 6 > Issue: 2
Alexandru Boboc Semitiotik und Ontologie - Interpretation und 'Mögliche Welten'
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
This paper brings in discussion some key moments in semiotic field in the process of modern reconstruction of logic and of philosophy of language. We arefollowing the construction of logical semiotic (from Frege to Carnap and 'semantic of the possible worlds') and the central position of the concept 'possible worlds' in the interpretation process, which creates a meta-semantic. This concept is essential to understand 'the worlds from the poetic space'.
14. Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology: Volume > 6 > Issue: 2
Horst Baier Die Vertreibung der Sinne Klangräume: Rufen und Hören in der verstehenden Soziologie
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Expulsion of senses. Acustic spaces: call and listening in interpretive sociology. Following the 'mental constructs' that are illustrative for Max Weber's Idealtypologie, the 'acustic spaces' in the cultural concept of education are developed. The study is an analysis of the organization of command and obedience in Weber's sociology of domination. His interpretive sociology is taken from Martin Heidegger. Another subject of the paper is an excursion into the sociology of music of Weber and Adorno. In the acoustic sounds of music, especially in the organ and piano works, we find the process of rationalization of the Western culture.
15. Eco-ethica: Volume > 1
Josef Simon Anerkennung als eco-ethischer Begriff
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
The overpopulation of the earth and the increasing consumption of its life ressources implies new risks and damages for mankind. The awareness of this facts has turned Ethics, formerly conceived of primarily as one among other philosophical disciplines, into a fundamental one. Ethics has become, in some sense, a “first philosophy”.This has opened new object fields for it. In the past Ethics was mainly concerned with the “good” life and the “good” behavior of the single subject. Now it aims to support behavior kinds making possible the survival of mankind under globalized life conditions. “Good” life presupposes surviving.Ethical reflections aimed formerly to guarantee that human beings keep able to live together even if they don’t share the same “values”. Now they have to face the problem of the living together of human beings belonging to different cultures and social forms. The main question is no more what ethical fundamentals would best enable human beings to live together, but what are the conditions for a coexistence of values which enables a good living together of human beings with diverse ethical orientations.Often it is said that Hegel did not develop an Ethics of his own. This paper would like to show that Hegel’s philosophy is, on the contrary, an excellent tool for facing such kinds of questions. His main ethical concept is “recognition”. But he is not concerned with the recognition or rejection of concrete ethical principles. His concept of recognition focuses on the individual in its absolute singularity, in his being absolutely unique in and through himself. His consciousness as self-consciousness gets thus particular in the sense of being definitely individual. Hegel calls the reciprocal recognition of individually conscious subjects the “absolute spirit”.This unusual terminology has made an adequate reception of Hegel’s thinking quite difficult. But there can be no doubt that his very rich and deep elaboration of the phenomenology of such recognition among factual subjects provides extremely productive tools to face eco-ethical reflections in our days. This paper tries to show in presently understandable terms Hegel’s reflections on the very nature of language as the place in which the subjects experience both their absolute individuality and their community, i. e. their singularity and the generality of their institutions, in a simultaneously paradox and coherent way. Recognition becomes in Hegel the inner structure of pardon and reconciliation. Its dependence on languages both diverse and shared makes this concept particularly productive for shaping the living together of human beings belonging to diverse cultures and following diverse ethical orientations.
16. Eco-ethica: Volume > 2
Tilman Borsche Überlegungen zu einer kosmopolitischen Kultur im Umgang mit unterschiedlichen Tugendlehren
17. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Karen Joisten Der Mensch zwischen Oikos und Polis?: Eine Herausforderung fur die narrative Philosophie
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Ziel des Beitrages ist es, ein Oikos- und Polisverständnis vorzustellen, das sich widerständig und sperrig zu einem gängigen Politikverständnis verhält, da es entpolitisiert und jenseits eines Macht- und Herrschaftsdenkens situiert ist. Auf diese Weise gelangt man zugleich zu einer Herausforderung für die narrative Philosophie, die darin besteht, die narrative Differenz, die aus der menschlichen Grundbefmdlichkeit des Menschen als Heim-weg entspringt, wach zu halten und um das Verständnis eines ‘Ortes des Wohnens und Unterwegsseins’ zu ringen, das es zu bewahren und weiter zu entfalten gilt. Dieser, Ort seines Wohnens und Unterwegsseins’ ist ein lebendiges Geschichtenbezugsgewebe, in dem die Erzählfäden aus dem Oikos und der Polis eingewoben sind und immer wieder neu wieder eingesponnen werden.
18. Eco-ethica: Volume > 5
Tilman Borsche (Wie) lässt sich ethische Verantwortung für die natürliche Umwelt begründen?
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Nature doesn’t need our care, the environment does. “Our” environment is a relational term implying surroundings that are inhabitable, allowing us not only to survive but to live good lives. For ages our “natural” environment was understood as that part of our environment that was given by nature and, therefore, not accessible to human actions as are our cultural and social environments. We had to accept it and adapt to it. Nowadays we are faced with the fact that more and more parts of our natural environment can be and are altered or prevented from altering by human manipulations. So ethical responsibility is extending beyond the traditional fields of social and cultural environmental conditions. We will have to find answers to the new question of what kind of nature we want to preserve, to cultivate, and to build, and for whom and to whom we are responsible.
19. Eco-ethica: Volume > 7
Karen Joisten Homo relationalis: Der Mensch, die Anderen und das In-Bezug-sein
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Given an ethic of interdependence in the different dimensions between global and interpersonal/individual, the article focuses on the individual human being under the guiding principle of interdependencies. Apart from blocking interdependencies, primarily promoting interdependencies are exhibited. That means those that awake and promote the creative abilities, and enable individuals to introduce their original values and norms into existing moral contexts and also to change them. The thesis examines the effect of interdependencies in an inner-individual (and ultimately also in interpersonal) dimension. With respect to border cases a new and unusual value setting emerges which requires an approach that justifies a temporal dependency. Accordingly, referring to the individual, the question is: How can values and standards emerge in the moral context that differ from the established ones? How can new values be initiated in violation of prevailing values, which are regarded as first and mute values which rely on other actors and listeners who respond to and accept them?
20. Eco-ethica: Volume > 7
Tilman Borsche Ein neuer Begriff von Individualität im Anschluss an Wilhelm von Humboldt als Grundlage für eine Ethik der Individualtät
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
This paper takes Wilhelm von Humboldt seriously—as a philosopher. It does so by exploring Humboldt’s central notion of “Individuum/Individualität,” which does not coincide with the philosophical usage of “individual/individuality” in English. It is closer related to Leibniz’s notion of the “monad,” being characterized by infinity, totality and ineffability. Humboldt’s focus on the philosophical role of language does not primarily aim at an analysis of the system(s) of language(s), but rather at an hermeneutical investigation of actual thinking and speaking among thinking and speaking individuals, every one of them being characterized by infinity, totality and ineffability. This analysis eventually leads to a new approach to ethics. It circumscribes an ethics without universal truths, guided by the respect of the words of the others even if we cannot ever fully understand them. But it is necessarily their words which co-constitute our mentally framed perception of the world.