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semiotics of translation

1. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Peeter Torop

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2. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Edna Andrews, Elena Maksimova

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Lotman’s contribution to semiotic theory, anthroposemiotics, the study of artistic texts and defining the relationship between language and culture represent some of the most powerful work produced within the Tartu–Moscow School of Semiotics. The importance of translation is one of the central principles that unites all of Lotman’s work. In the following paper, we will consider Lotman’s definition of translatability in the context of (1) the definition of semiospheric internal and external boundaries and the importance of crossing these boundaries, (2) the role of no fewer than two languages as a minimal unit of semiotic meaning-generation, (3) culture text-level generation of collective memory, and (4) the ever-present tension in the communication act. In our concluding section, we will offer an extended model of the communication act, based on the fundamental principles given in Jakobson, Sebeok and Lotman, in order to specify important moments of the translation process.
3. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Edna Andrews, Elena Maksimova

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4. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Edna Andrews, Elena Maksimova

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5. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Elin Sütiste

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The article describes and analyses connections established between Roman Jakobson’s scholarly legacy and the topic of translation in a selection of academic reference works. The aim in doing so is twofold: first, to look beyond the conventionalised image of Jakobson as an influential scholar for several disciplines, such as translation studies, linguistics and semiotics, and to provide an overview of the actual reception of his ideas on the level of general academic knowledge as presented by scholarly reference works in these fields. Another aim is to find out whether and how Jakobson’s ideas on translation are seen to relate to his other ideas concerning language and communication. It appears that — while there also exist some differences fieldwise as well as among individual reference works — the general reception of Jakobson is based predominantly on just two of his articles (out of his overall legacy of several hundred works) and to a large extent ignores the inner logic of Jakobson’s thought as it manifests in his different works (i.e. there are few connections made between his ideas expressed in his different works).
6. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Elin Sütiste

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7. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Elin Sütiste

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8. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Bruno Osimo

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Jakobson, in his essays, has tried to insert Peirce’s typology of signs (icon, index, symbol) in his own binary logic, in which every feature of a text may be considered or dismissed either with a 0 or with a 1 (absent, present). In so doing, he used the features “similarity versus contiguity” and “imputed versus factual”, and discovered that the notion of “imputed similarity” was not covered by Peirce’s triad. Hence the search for it. In this article, whose ideological basis and quotations are mostly from Jakobson’s essays, the author tries to show that the notion of “translation” may be the missing link. Starting from Peirce’s main triad, and its initial incomprehension among Western scholars influenced by Saussure, the interpretant is then viewed as the subjective, affective component of sign and its interpretation. Syntax, considered in Peircean and Jakobsonian terms, is iconic. The evolution of meaning, characterizing all communication, is possible thanks to construction and thanks to metaphoric and metonymic connections. In the last part of the article, cultural implications of communication — and translation — are considered.
9. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Bruno Osimo

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10. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Bruno Osimo

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11. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Dinda L. Gorlée

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Metalinguistic operations signify understanding and translation, specified in Jakobson’s varieties of six language functions and his three types of translation. Both models were first presented in the 1950s. This article is rooted in Jakobson’s models in connection with Peirce’s three categories. Bühler’s three functions with qualitative difference anticipated, perhaps not accidentally, Jakobson’s distinctions indicating qualitative difference within literary forms and structures as well as other fine arts. The semiotic discovery, criticism and perspective of elements and code-units settle the numerical differences as well as the differences in realistic messages and conceptual codes. Jakobson’s intersemiotic translation is updated in vocal translation, which deals with the virtual reality of opera on stage, reaching a catharsis of the operatic mystique. The word-tone synthesis of opera (or semiosic symbiosis) will demonstrate the typological unification of verbal and nonverbal languages.
12. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Dinda L. Gorlée

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13. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Dinda L. Gorlée

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14. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Peeter Torop

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If one wants to understand translation, it is necessary to look at all its aspects from the psychological to the ideological. And it is necessary to see the process of translation, on the one hand, as a complex of interlinguistic, intralinguistic, and intersemiotic translations, and on the other hand, as a complex of linguistic, cultural, economic, and ideological activities. Translators work at the boundaries of languages, cultures, and societies. They position themselves between the poles of specificity and adaptation in accordance with the strategies of their translational behaviour. They either preserve the otherness of the other or they transform the other into self. By the same token, they cease to be simple mediators, because in a semiotic sense they are capable of generating new languages for the description of a foreign language, text, or culture, and of renewing a culture or of having an influence on the dialogic capacity of a culture with other cultures as well as with itself. In this way, translators work not only with natural languages but also with metalanguages, languages of description. One of the missions of the translator is to increase the receptivity and dialogic capability of a culture, and through these also the internal variety of that culture. As mediators between languages, translators are important creators of new metalanguages.
15. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Peeter Torop

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16. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Peeter Torop

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17. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
George Rückert

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Vasilij Zhukovskij’s Sel’skoe kladbische, a translation of Thomas Gray’s Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, occupies a special place in Russian literary history. First published in 1802, it was so widely imitated by later Russian poets that it came to be regarded as a “landmark of Russian literature”, not only at a boundary between two cultures (English and Russian) but also at a boundary within Russian culture itself — the transition from Neoclassical to Romantic aesthetics. Zhukovskij’s translation of Gray can be read as the end result of a long process of personal education in the sign system of Sentimentalism, in both its European and its Russian variants, which then reproduced itself in an impersonal way within his culture as a whole. Zhukovskij did not merely reinscribe Gray’s poem into Russian. Rather, he used it to deploy the developing Russian Sentimentalist (Karamzinist) style within a wide range of lyric registers, thereby providing models for other Russian lyric poets. In this sense, his work exemplifies Juri Lotman’s dictum that “the elementary act of thinking is translation” — it made itpossible for Russian poets to think within an entirely new, though by no means foreign system of signs.
18. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
George Rückert

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19. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
George Rückert

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20. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 36 > Issue: 2
Silvi Salupere

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The notion of “translation” in the works of Juri Lotman. The present article deals with the concept of “translation“ and other related concepts (“re-codification”, “exact translation”, “adequate translation”, “equivalence”, “transformation”) in the works of Juri Lotman, demonstrating among other things possible relations with the ideas of Roman Jakobson and Louis Hjelmslev. Two main areas of research have been distinguished where the concept of “translation” clearly stands out. First are Juri Lotman’s works on structural poetics, where he discusses mainly the specifics of translating artistic texts. The other is his articles on the typology of cultures where translation is seen as a dialogue, the principal operational mechanism of culture.