Already a subscriber? - Login here
Not yet a subscriber? - Subscribe here

Browse by:



Displaying: 1-20 of 41 documents


articles

1. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 3
Robert Audi

abstract | view |  rights & permissions | cited by
Testimony is the mainstay of human communication and essential for the spread of knowledge. But testimony may also spread error. Under what conditions does it yield knowledge in the person addressed? Must the recipient trust the attester? And does the attester have to know what is affirmed? A related question is what is required for the recipient to be justified in believing testimony. Is testimony-based justification acquired in the same way as testimony-based knowledge? This paper addresses these and other questions. It offers a theory of the role of testimony in producing knowledge and justification, a sketch of a conception of knowledge that supports this theory, a brief account of how trust of others can be squared with critical habits of mind, and an outline of some important standards for intellectual responsibility in giving and receiving testimony.
2. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 3
Mikkel Gerken

view |  rights & permissions | cited by
3. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 3
Tatjana Von Solodkoff, Richard Woodward

abstract | view |  rights & permissions | cited by
In the recent literature on all things metaontological, discussion of a notorious Meinongian doctrine—the thesis that some objects have no kind of being at all—has been conspicuous by its absence. And this is despite the fact that this thesis is the central element of the noneist metaphysics of Richard Routley (1980) and Graham Priest (2005). In this paper, we therefore examine the metaontological foundations of noneism, with a view to seeing exactly how the noneist's approach to ontological inquiry differs from the orthodox Quinean one. We proceed by arguing that the core anti-Quinean element in noneism has routinely been misidentified: rather than concerning Quine's thesis that to be is to be the value of a variable, the real difference is that the noneist rejects what we identify as Quine's "translate-and-deflate" methodology. In rejecting this aspect of Quinean orthodoxy, the noneist is in good company: many of those who think thatquestions of fundamentality should be the proper focus of ontological inquiry can be read as rejecting it too. Accordingly, we then examine the differences between the noneist's conception of ontology and that offered by the fundamentalist. We argue that these two anti-Quinean approaches differ in terms of their respective conceptions of the theoretical role associated with the notion of being. And the contrast that emerges between them is, in the end, an explanatory one.
4. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 3
Oliver Rashbrook

abstract | view |  rights & permissions | cited by
A familiar slogan in the Hterature on temporal experience is that 'a succession of appearances, in and of itself, does not amount to an experience of succession'. I show that we can distinguish between a strong and a weak sense of this slogan. I diagnose the strong interpretation of the slogan as requiring the support of an assumphon I call the 'Seems Seemed' claim. I then show that commitment to this assumphon comes at a price: if we accept it, we either have to reject the extremely plausible idea that experience is as it seems, or we are forced to provide an account of temporal experience that isn't compatible with the phenomenology. I conclude by nohng that the only plausible interpretahon of the slogan is the weak interpretation, and outhne a positive account of temporal experience, according to which an appearance of succession requires a succession of appearances.
5. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 3
Gunnar Björnsson

abstract | view |  rights & permissions | cited by
Skeptical worries about moral responsibility seem to be widely appreciated and deeply felt. To address these worries—if nothing else to show that they aremistaken—theories of moral responsibility need to relate to whatever concept of responsibility underlies the worries. Unfortunately, the nature of that concept hasproved hard to pin down. Not only do philosophers have conflicting intuitons; numerous recent empirical studies have suggested that both prosaic responsibilityjudgments and incompatibilist intuitions among the folk are influenced by a number of surprising factors, sometimes prompting apparently contradictory judgments. In this paper, we show how an independently motivated hypothesis about responsibility judgments provides a unified explanation of the more important results from these studies. According to this 'Explanation Hypothesis', to take an agent to be morally responsible for an event is to take a relevant motivational structure of the agent to be part of a significant explanation of the event. We argue that because of how explanatory interests and perspectives affect what we take as significant explanations, this analysis accounts for the puzzling variety of empirical results. If this is correct, the Explanation Hypothesis also provides a new way of understanding debates about moral responsibility.
6. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 3
Justin A. Capes

view |  rights & permissions | cited by
7. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 3
Ryan Preston-Roedder

view |  rights & permissions | cited by
8. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 3
Jonathan Tallant

abstract | view |  rights & permissions | cited by
In this paper I argue that presentism—the view that only present objects exist—can be motivated, at least to some degree, by virtue of the fact that it is morequantitatively parsimonious than rival views.

book symposium

9. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 3
Theodore Sider

view |  rights & permissions | cited by
10. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 3
Eli Hirsch

view |  rights & permissions | cited by
11. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 3
Cian Dorr

view |  rights & permissions | cited by
12. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 3
Kit Fine

view |  rights & permissions | cited by
13. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 3
Theodore Sider

view |  rights & permissions | cited by

14. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 3

view |  rights & permissions | cited by

articles

15. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 2
Sarah Moss

view |  rights & permissions | cited by
16. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 2
Peter Brössel

view |  rights & permissions | cited by
17. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 2
Dilip Ninan

view |  rights & permissions | cited by
18. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 2
Kris McDaniel

view |  rights & permissions | cited by
19. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 2
John Divers, José Edgar González-Varela

abstract | view |  rights & permissions | cited by
We outline a theory of the cognitive role of belief in absolute necessity that is normative and intended to be metaphysically neutral. We take this theory to beunique in scope since it addresses simultaneously the questions of how such belief is (properly) acquired and of how it is (properly) manifest. The acquisition andmanifestation conditions for belief in absolute necessity are given univocally, in terms of complex higher-order attitudes involving two distinct kinds of supposition(A-supposing and C-supposing). It is subsequently argued that the proposed acquisition and manifestation conditions are rationally interdependent, and that suchharmony affords explanations of connections between different facets of belief in necessity that otherwise remain mysterious.
20. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 87 > Issue: 2
Evan G. Williams

abstract | view |  rights & permissions | cited by
Without needing to commit to any specific claims about what states of affairs have most agent-neutral value, we can nevertheless predict that states of affairs which are relatively valuable are also relatively likely to occur—on the grounds that, all else equal, at least some other agents are likely to recognize the value of those states of affairs, pursue them because they are valuable, and successfully bring them about as a consequence of that pursuit. This gives us a way to promote value as such, rather than promoting it under some more tendentious description. We can predict that actions which help other people—or our own future selves—to recognize valuable states of affairs, actions which motivate them to pursue whatever states of affairs they beheve to be valuable, or actions which help them succeed at their pursuits will, all else equal, have positive consequences. So we have a pro tanto reason to take such actions, and the subjective justification of that reason is independent of other moral claims.