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Studia Neoaristotelica

A Journal of Analytic Scholasticism

Volume 5

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Displaying: 1-18 of 18 documents


articles

1. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 2
Matthias Perkams

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Starting from Aquinas’s natural law theory, the article discusses in which way one can ground an ethical theory relying on the concept of personal autonomy. This is possible because natural law, as a law of reason, determines the ends for which every individual human being reasonably may strive. In this context, it is also possible to justify the role of morality in human life. This is due to the nature of man as a social animal whose natural ends include a life in a human community. From this one can infer the two principles, not to harm others and to attribute his right to everybody. The application of those rules, as of any other rule of natural law, depends upon the person of the agent and his historical and social situation.
2. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 2
Miroslav Hanke

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The article deals with the analysis of one medieval solution of semantic paradoxes, namely with the position of the so-called “cassantes” (i.e. “those who nullify”). The solution is based upon designating problematical sentences to be agrammatical and thus “saying nothing”: paradoxes are solved by means of deyning apparent truth-apts. Theoretically fundamental supposition of this step is drawing the distinction between grammatical and logical structure of a sentence, or (from a speech-act theoretical point of view) the distinction between a sentence and a statement. Remarkable analogies can also be shown between this distinction and the distinction between two conceptions of congruence in the twelfth-century grammar. Nowadays the cassationist approach is the solution of paradoxes proposed in the theoretical framework of the illocutionary logic.
3. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 2
David Svoboda Orcid-ID

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The paper deals with the conception of transcendental and categorial concepts in the work of Thomas Aquinas. As a starting point of the exposition the discussion of this matter in De veritate 1, 1 has been chosen, where Aquinas, drawing on Aristotle and Avicenna, determines which are the first concepts of intellect. The absolutly first concept, the terminus of conceptual analysis, is the concept of being (ens). All other concepts, both categorial and transcendental, result from conceptual addition to being. Aquinas’s conception of conceptual addition is explained in detail and used to illustrate Aquinas’s explication of individual transcendentals and categories. Finally it is shown, how Aquinas derives transcendental and categorial concepts as general and special modes of being (modi essendi) of being as such. Translation: Lukáš Novák
4. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 2
Petr Dvořák

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The paper deals with Aristotle’s argument against determinism and in favor of contingency in nature as interpreted by Thomas Aquinas. The case against determinism is based on the idea that there are properly uncaused accidental events in reality. This means that in case there is some coincidental future event e, one cannot trace an unbroken causal chain leading to e back to the present or the past. For a Christian Aristotelian, such as Aquinas, there arises a difficulty concerning divine foreknowledge and volitional determination of events of this sort. Thomas’s solution is based on the claim that the latter divine acts are not within the scope of modal determination (necessity/contingency).

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5. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 2
Stanislav Sousedík

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6. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 2
Tomáš Machula

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7. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 2
Tomáš Machula

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8. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 2
Michal Chabada

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9. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 2
Marián Kuna

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10. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 2

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articles

11. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Pavel Materna, Josef Petrželka

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The modern (Russellian) theory of definition conceives definitions as abbreviations, so that the question of adequateness (let alone of truth-value) of definitions becomes meaningless. In this paper we show that beside Russellian conception of definitions understood as abbreviations, there is an Aristotelian conception, which exploits the notion of essence and that this conception can be rehabilitated from the standpoint of the modern logic (in particular by means of Pavel Tichý’s Transparent Intensional Logic). Also Carnap’s ‘explication’ indicates that what we feel to be a definition is frequently distinct from a Russellian definition.
12. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Prokop Sousedík

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The author shows that, after some considerations about the nature of speech, we can take two substantially different paths. Wittgenstein’s early philosophy is the paradigm of the first path, his later the paradigm of the second. According the author, the difference between these two conceptions is that in the late Wittgenstein, as opposed to his early conception, rejects the search for, and the clarification of, the essence of our language.

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13. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Stanislav Sousedík, Karel Šprunk

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14. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Stanislav Sousedík

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15. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Lukáš Novák

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16. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Lukáš Novák

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17. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1
Michal Chabada

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18. Studia Neoaristotelica: Volume > 5 > Issue: 1

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