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Studia Philosophica:
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Josef Ševčík
Josef Ševčík
Sapientia in Works of Roger Bacon
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This article presents a few reflections on wisdom, sapientia, as seen by Roger Bacon. Roger Bacon (1214‒1292), a famous Franciscan and Aristotelian physicist known for his experimental science, was deeply engaged in alchemy, theology, ethics and philosophy. Bacon’s large works Opus maius, Opus minus, Opus tertium, designated for pope Clement IV, and other scriptures as Compendium studii philosophiae provide a sufficient base for studying his concept of wisdom, sapientia. Bacon frequently uses the term sapientia as a synonym for philosophia both having its origin from God. Bacon, influenced by Josephus Flavius, Saint Augustine and the author of Pseudo-Aristotelian Secretum secretorum, was preoccupied with the level of wisdom in the Latin culture of 13th century. Unlike other cultures of wisdom – the Jews, the Greeks, the Arabians – Bacon was convinced that the Latini lacked books and, above all, the true comprehension of original texts. Therefore, he ardently recommended studying foreign languages, which he calls “the first entrance to wisdom”. The reasons for studying languages are described and enumerated e.g. in the Compendium studii philosophiae. Wisdom according to Bacon is a kind of mutually connected knowledge, sapientia totalis, bearing resemblance to science.
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Studia Philosophica:
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Dagmar Pichová
Dagmar Pichová
Voltaire and Rousseau
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The paper deals with Voltaire’s and Rousseau’s views on the character of human nature. The author compares their perspectives in the polemic related to the Lisbon earthquake in 1755. Rousseau reacts to Voltaire’s poem devoted to the catastrophe in his Letter on Providence where he criticizes Voltaire’s refusal of optimistic position and determines human neglecting of natural conditions as the main cause of Lisbon tragedy. In general Rousseau argues in favor of Providence and stresses the importance of his personal belief in providential guidance.
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Studia Philosophica:
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Zdeněk Kochtík
Zdeněk Kochtík
Master and Slave Attitude Towards Suffering and Nietzsche’s Tragic Critique of Morality
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This article concerns the relationship between Nietzsche‘s concept of Master and Slave morality, and his tragic thinking. I suggest that the roots of the former can be traced back to Nietzsche‘s early period, specifically to the concepts of the Aryan and Semitic sin. My aim is to show that in his thinking, Nietzsche draws a sharp distinction between the moral (which he condemns) and the tragic (which he affirms) understanding of life. After a brief explanation of these two concepts, I turn my attention to Nietzsche‘s critique of Christianity. In his view, Christianity is the ultimate anti-tragic view of the world and as such, he considers it the deepest and most dangerous attempt at a moral interpretation of life.
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Studia Philosophica:
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Erika Lalíková
Erika Lalíková
Štúr’s Reflection of Masaryk
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In the study I focus on short reflection of Masaryk‘s views in the works of Slovak artists. I refer to the fact that his realistic and humanistic conception of life influenced mainly Svätopluk Štúr, for whom Masaryk was one of the greatest personalities in our history. The strength of his legacy is reflected throughout all of the works of the Slovak philosopher. In the text I focus only on some of the analyses of S. Štúr, particularly linked with the structure of reality, morality, religion, and the vision of a democratic society.
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Studia Philosophica:
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Lenka Kouřilová Hořínková
Lenka Kouřilová Hořínková
Vladimír Hoppe (1882–1931)
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Vladimír Hoppe was a Czech idealistic philosophical thinker of the first half of the twentieth century. The aim of this paper is to provide a survey of the main events of his life. Vladimír Hoppe was born on the 19th August 1882 in Brno. He graduated from the Grammar School in Kroměříž in 1903. Vladimír Hoppe studied at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University, where he obtained the doctorate in 1907. His doctoral dissertation was Nástin sociologického pojetí světa. In 1922 he became a private assistant professor at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University on the grounds of his habilitation Problém intelektuelního názoru a intuice u Kanta a Schopenhauera. In 1927 he went on to become a professor at the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University. He died on the 3rd March 1931 in Prague.
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Jiří Gabriel
Jiří Gabriel
J. L. Fischer in 1945–1948
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This article is a sequel to an article of the same name published in the 1st number of Studia philosophica 59/2012, pp. 71–85. The list of Fischer´s works is supplemented with his magazine articles (notably in Svobodné noviny) and brochures focusing on the contemporary political events in the country ((Politika a stranictví and Únor 1948. Slovo k vychovatelům). Great attention is paid to Fischer´s book Tři stupně. Filosofický vějíř (1948), in which the author summarizes the stages of his development towards his structural philosophy, and suggests its further refinements. Along with an overview of Fischer´s lectures at Palacký University in Olomouc, the article aims at revealing the way that J. L. Fischer participated in the philosophical life and the overall development of the national and state community of the years 1945–1948.
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Jan Zouhar
Jan Zouhar
Rádl’s Consolation from Philosophy on the Pages of the Christian Review
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E. Rádl along with the protestant theologian J. L. Hromádka were the initiators and co-editors as well as prolific contributors to the philosophical and theological Christian Review. When Consolation from Philosophy, Rádl’s philosophical testament, was published in 1946, a number of evangelic authors reviewed the work in Christian Review: the theologian Amedeo Molnár, the historian Otakar Odložilík, and the philosopher Božena Komárková. Molnár focused on Rádl’s philosophy of history and compared it to the conception of the Swiss religious socialist and theologian Leonhard Ragaz. Otakar Odložilík commented on Rádl’s view of the future of human scholarship and intelligence and found marked resonance with the views of Rádl’s contemporary, the Dutch historian Johan Huizing. Komárková’s critical notes dealt with the metaphysical and moral problems contained in Rádl’s book. She praised Rádl’s success in revealing questions concerning the roots of human civilizations, shattering existing certainties and giving impetus for their new analysis.
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Helena Pavlincová
Helena Pavlincová
Rádl's Consolation from Philosophy on the Pages of the Christian Review
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E. Rádl along with the protestant theologian J. L. Hromádka were the initiators and co-editors as well as prolific contributors to the philosophical and theological Christian Review. When Consolation from Philosophy, Rádl’s philosophical testament, was published in 1946, a number of evangelic authors reviewed the work in Christian Review: the theologian Amedeo Molnár, the historian Otakar Odložilík, and the philosopher Božena Komárková. Molnár focused on Rádl’s philosophy of history and compared it to the conception of the Swiss religious socialist and theologian Leonhard Ragaz. Otakar Odložilík commented on Rádl’s view of the future of human scholarship and intelligence and found marked resonance with the views of Rádl’s contemporary, the Dutch historian Johan Huizing. Komárková’s critical notes dealt with the metaphysical and moral problems contained in Rádl’s book. She praised Rádl’s success in revealing questions concerning the roots of human civilizations, shattering existing certainties and giving impetus for their new analysis.
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Ivana Holzbachová
Ivana Holzbachová
Brno Philosophical Society
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Jan Zouhar
Jan Zouhar
French Revolution in Philosophical Reflection
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Studia Philosophica:
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Ivana Holzbachová
Ivana Holzbachová
Konec velkého vyprávění?
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Studia Philosophica:
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Ivana Holzbachová
Ivana Holzbachová
Úvod do sociohistorie
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