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1. Environmental Ethics: Volume > 9 > Issue: 3

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2. Environmental Ethics: Volume > 9 > Issue: 3

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3. Environmental Ethics: Volume > 9 > Issue: 3
John A. Fischer

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Sympathy for animals is regarded by many thinkers as theoretically disreputable. Against this I argue that sympathy appropriately underlies moral concern for animals. I offer an account of sympathy that distinguishes sympathy with from sympathy for fellow creatures, and I argue that both can be placed on an objective basis, if we differentiate enlightened from folk sympathy. Moreover, I suggest that sympathy for animals is not, as some have claimed, incompatible with environmentalism; on the contrary, it can ground environmental concern. Finally, I show that the traditional concept of anthropomorphism has no coherent basis, and I argue that the attempt to prove that animals lack thoughts is both unsuccessful and irrelevant to sympathy for languageless creatures.
4. Environmental Ethics: Volume > 9 > Issue: 3
Anthony Weston

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James Lovelock’s “Gaia hypothesis”-the suggestion that life on Earth functions in essential ways as one organism, as a single living entity-is extraordinarily suggestive for environmental philosophy. What exactly it suggests, however, is not yet so clear. Although many of Lovelock’s own ethical conclusions are rather distressing for environmental ethics, there are other possible approaches to the Gaia Hypothesis. Ethical philosophers might take Gaia to be analogous to a “person” and thus to have the same sorts of values that more familiar sorts of persons have. Deep ecologists might find in the Gaia hypothesis a means by which to transform and reunderstand our concrete experience of the world. This essay canvasses some of the strengths, weaknesses, and possibilities of each approach.

discussion papers

5. Environmental Ethics: Volume > 9 > Issue: 3
Eric Katz

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Anthony Weston has criticized the place of “inttinsic value” in the development of an environmental ethic, and he has urged a “pragmatic shift” toward a plurality of values based on human desires and experiences. I argue that Weston is mistaken for two reasons: (1) his view of the methodology of environmental ethics is distorted: the intrinsic value of natural entities is not the ground of all moral obligations regarding the environment; and (2) his pragmatic theory of value is too anthropocentric and subjective for the development of a secure and reliable environmental ethic. The obligation to protect the natural environment should not be based on certain “correct” experiences of humans as they interact with wild nature.
6. Environmental Ethics: Volume > 9 > Issue: 3
William Chaloupka

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In this essay I review John Dewey’s pragmatism from the perspective of environmental social theory. Dewey’s clarification of aesthetics, values, experience, and the natural world are useful to contemporary environmentalism. His work represents a precedent for critical, anti-dualistic social philosophy in the U. S., and usefully clarifies the relationship of humans to the “material world.” Dewey’s conception ofvalues, politics, and experience suggests that these elements may be combined in ways congenial to environmental thought.

book reviews

7. Environmental Ethics: Volume > 9 > Issue: 3
Bryan G. Norton

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8. Environmental Ethics: Volume > 9 > Issue: 3
Holmes Rolston, III

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9. Environmental Ethics: Volume > 9 > Issue: 3
Lawrence J. Jost

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10. Environmental Ethics: Volume > 9 > Issue: 3
Peter Miller

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11. Environmental Ethics: Volume > 9 > Issue: 3
Christopher D. Stone

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12. Environmental Ethics: Volume > 9 > Issue: 3
Roland C. Clement

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13. Environmental Ethics: Volume > 9 > Issue: 3

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