Philosophy and Theology

The head and the heart, the hermeneutics of finitude and the hermeneutics of suspicion, Descartes and Jeremiah, idealism and faith: is the “Know thyself” but an epistemological project, a matter of attention, or is there a deceit in the human heart beyond pure reason? Perhaps Socrates’ way is an alternative between Jeremiah and Descartes, a significant revision of the boundary between human and divine.

The once marginal theological question of Christ’s unique status has today entered into general consciousness. Increasing friendly dialogue among religions is one factor contributing to the urgency of the question. Another is the critical nature of the question within Christian theology. This article examines a broad range of responses and calls for a foundational approach based on Karl Rahner. It shares the advantage of this approach in addressing the suggestion that the Christian religion plays a unique role in a “liberation theology of religions.”

I argue that Spinoza’s concept of “intuitive knowledge” is rooted in his notion of experienced unity. Following an analysis of this notion of unity, and its general application to human emotional life, I provide an analysis of intuitive knowledge designed to integrate Spinoza’s notion of “Iiberation” with his theory of emotions. Two shorter sections are provide which deal with the Spinozistic concept of love, and the fact-value distinction within a Spinozistic framework.

[Grace as God’s Self-giving and Respect] Employing the methods of formal and transcendental analysis, the topic is introduced by departing from the experience of love between human beings. Love proves itself to be a unity of self-giving and respect. Both of these related elements of the notion of love are then put to the test in the light of that mode of divine loving called ‘grace’. By studying the history of dogma, this notion of grace is brought to a full definition.

In this essay I offer a criticism of David Tracy’s work, The Analogical Imagination, in Iight of my reading of Alice Walker’s fiction. I propose that Tracy’s analysis of the contemporary theological scene is flawed because his portrait of theology bypasses important aspects of liberation theology. In particular, I suggest that despite Tracy’s rccognition of liberation theology, his work is imperiled by a residue of privilege that clings to his hermeneutic model of theology. As a consequence, opportunities for substantive dialogue with Iiberation theology are missed. The core of my criticism focuses on aspects of privilege that attend Tracy’s discussion of the religious classic. As I examine Alice Walker’s work. I suggest that Tracy would be disinclined to acccpt The Color Purple as a religious classic. His disinclination, I argue, may be attributed to three privileges: texts, time, and tradition. As I offer an alternative reading of the religious significance of The Color Purple, I suggest means by which explorations of a broader definition of “religious classic,” inclusive of works such as The Color Purple, might lead to productive dialogue between Tracy and liberation theologians.