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Studia Philosophica:
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Josef Ševčík
Josef Ševčík
Sapientia in Works of Roger Bacon
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This article presents a few reflections on wisdom, sapientia, as seen by Roger Bacon. Roger Bacon (1214‒1292), a famous Franciscan and Aristotelian physicist known for his experimental science, was deeply engaged in alchemy, theology, ethics and philosophy. Bacon’s large works Opus maius, Opus minus, Opus tertium, designated for pope Clement IV, and other scriptures as Compendium studii philosophiae provide a sufficient base for studying his concept of wisdom, sapientia. Bacon frequently uses the term sapientia as a synonym for philosophia both having its origin from God. Bacon, influenced by Josephus Flavius, Saint Augustine and the author of Pseudo-Aristotelian Secretum secretorum, was preoccupied with the level of wisdom in the Latin culture of 13th century. Unlike other cultures of wisdom – the Jews, the Greeks, the Arabians – Bacon was convinced that the Latini lacked books and, above all, the true comprehension of original texts. Therefore, he ardently recommended studying foreign languages, which he calls “the first entrance to wisdom”. The reasons for studying languages are described and enumerated e.g. in the Compendium studii philosophiae. Wisdom according to Bacon is a kind of mutually connected knowledge, sapientia totalis, bearing resemblance to science.
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Dagmar Pichová
Dagmar Pichová
Voltaire and Rousseau
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The paper deals with Voltaire’s and Rousseau’s views on the character of human nature. The author compares their perspectives in the polemic related to the Lisbon earthquake in 1755. Rousseau reacts to Voltaire’s poem devoted to the catastrophe in his Letter on Providence where he criticizes Voltaire’s refusal of optimistic position and determines human neglecting of natural conditions as the main cause of Lisbon tragedy. In general Rousseau argues in favor of Providence and stresses the importance of his personal belief in providential guidance.
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Zdeněk Kochtík
Zdeněk Kochtík
Master and Slave Attitude Towards Suffering and Nietzsche’s Tragic Critique of Morality
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This article concerns the relationship between Nietzsche‘s concept of Master and Slave morality, and his tragic thinking. I suggest that the roots of the former can be traced back to Nietzsche‘s early period, specifically to the concepts of the Aryan and Semitic sin. My aim is to show that in his thinking, Nietzsche draws a sharp distinction between the moral (which he condemns) and the tragic (which he affirms) understanding of life. After a brief explanation of these two concepts, I turn my attention to Nietzsche‘s critique of Christianity. In his view, Christianity is the ultimate anti-tragic view of the world and as such, he considers it the deepest and most dangerous attempt at a moral interpretation of life.
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Erika Lalíková
Erika Lalíková
Štúr’s Reflection of Masaryk
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In the study I focus on short reflection of Masaryk‘s views in the works of Slovak artists. I refer to the fact that his realistic and humanistic conception of life influenced mainly Svätopluk Štúr, for whom Masaryk was one of the greatest personalities in our history. The strength of his legacy is reflected throughout all of the works of the Slovak philosopher. In the text I focus only on some of the analyses of S. Štúr, particularly linked with the structure of reality, morality, religion, and the vision of a democratic society.
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Lenka Kouřilová Hořínková
Lenka Kouřilová Hořínková
Vladimír Hoppe (1882–1931)
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Vladimír Hoppe was a Czech idealistic philosophical thinker of the first half of the twentieth century. The aim of this paper is to provide a survey of the main events of his life. Vladimír Hoppe was born on the 19th August 1882 in Brno. He graduated from the Grammar School in Kroměříž in 1903. Vladimír Hoppe studied at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University, where he obtained the doctorate in 1907. His doctoral dissertation was Nástin sociologického pojetí světa. In 1922 he became a private assistant professor at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University on the grounds of his habilitation Problém intelektuelního názoru a intuice u Kanta a Schopenhauera. In 1927 he went on to become a professor at the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University. He died on the 3rd March 1931 in Prague.
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Jiří Gabriel
Jiří Gabriel
J. L. Fischer in 1945–1948
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This article is a sequel to an article of the same name published in the 1st number of Studia philosophica 59/2012, pp. 71–85. The list of Fischer´s works is supplemented with his magazine articles (notably in Svobodné noviny) and brochures focusing on the contemporary political events in the country ((Politika a stranictví and Únor 1948. Slovo k vychovatelům). Great attention is paid to Fischer´s book Tři stupně. Filosofický vějíř (1948), in which the author summarizes the stages of his development towards his structural philosophy, and suggests its further refinements. Along with an overview of Fischer´s lectures at Palacký University in Olomouc, the article aims at revealing the way that J. L. Fischer participated in the philosophical life and the overall development of the national and state community of the years 1945–1948.
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Jan Zouhar
Jan Zouhar
Rádl’s Consolation from Philosophy on the Pages of the Christian Review
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E. Rádl along with the protestant theologian J. L. Hromádka were the initiators and co-editors as well as prolific contributors to the philosophical and theological Christian Review. When Consolation from Philosophy, Rádl’s philosophical testament, was published in 1946, a number of evangelic authors reviewed the work in Christian Review: the theologian Amedeo Molnár, the historian Otakar Odložilík, and the philosopher Božena Komárková. Molnár focused on Rádl’s philosophy of history and compared it to the conception of the Swiss religious socialist and theologian Leonhard Ragaz. Otakar Odložilík commented on Rádl’s view of the future of human scholarship and intelligence and found marked resonance with the views of Rádl’s contemporary, the Dutch historian Johan Huizing. Komárková’s critical notes dealt with the metaphysical and moral problems contained in Rádl’s book. She praised Rádl’s success in revealing questions concerning the roots of human civilizations, shattering existing certainties and giving impetus for their new analysis.
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Helena Pavlincová
Helena Pavlincová
Rádl's Consolation from Philosophy on the Pages of the Christian Review
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E. Rádl along with the protestant theologian J. L. Hromádka were the initiators and co-editors as well as prolific contributors to the philosophical and theological Christian Review. When Consolation from Philosophy, Rádl’s philosophical testament, was published in 1946, a number of evangelic authors reviewed the work in Christian Review: the theologian Amedeo Molnár, the historian Otakar Odložilík, and the philosopher Božena Komárková. Molnár focused on Rádl’s philosophy of history and compared it to the conception of the Swiss religious socialist and theologian Leonhard Ragaz. Otakar Odložilík commented on Rádl’s view of the future of human scholarship and intelligence and found marked resonance with the views of Rádl’s contemporary, the Dutch historian Johan Huizing. Komárková’s critical notes dealt with the metaphysical and moral problems contained in Rádl’s book. She praised Rádl’s success in revealing questions concerning the roots of human civilizations, shattering existing certainties and giving impetus for their new analysis.
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Ivana Holzbachová
Ivana Holzbachová
Brno Philosophical Society
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Jan Zouhar
Jan Zouhar
French Revolution in Philosophical Reflection
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Ivana Holzbachová
Ivana Holzbachová
Konec velkého vyprávění?
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Ivana Holzbachová
Ivana Holzbachová
Úvod do sociohistorie
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Marek Hrubec
Marek Hrubec
Philosophy of Inter-State Recognition and Its Global Limits
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The paper deals with a conception of international order and its limits in the transnational and global context from the point of view of a theory of social and political recognition. It concentrates especially on the conception developed by Axel Honneth. It is a reconstruction as well as an interpretation of the conception, showing the possibilities and limitations of its application on transnational and global levels. First, the paper analyses Honneth’s arguments concerning moral realism and international recognition. It discusses the need of international recognition as related to the political and cultural recognitions. Then, it shows the insufficiencies of the conception of international recognition on the background of globalization on one hand and the individual/society relationship on the other. The following part of the paper deals with problems of a transposition of patterns of recognition from the national level to international and transnational levels, and explains limits of arguments developed by V. Heinz, T. Pogge and A. Wendt. In mapping the tendencies to transnational and global recognitions, the paper focuses on the important transitory phenomenon of extraterritorial recognition. It also articulates arguments how a theory of recognition can be developed on transnational and global levels.
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Daniel Špelda
Daniel Špelda
Secularization, eschatology and the idea of progress according to Hans Blumenberg
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This article deals with the polemics of the German philosopher Hans Blumenberg with the theory of secularization. Secularization theory explained the origin of many modern ideas as an unauthentic derivative of original religious content – this included the idea of progress, which, for example, Karl Löwith interpreted as secularized eschatology. The paper presents two levels of Blumenberg’s argumentation: Firstly, Blumenberg opposed the methodological foundations of the theory of secularization which he identified as the so-called substantialist conception of history. This conception presupposes the existence of a persisting historical substance which passes through the ages with only slight accidental changes. According to Blumenberg, this approach is mistaken because there is no such historical substance. As an alternative approach, Blumenberg introduced his dialogical functionalism. Secondly, Blumenberg suggested an alternative interpretation of the origins of the idea of theoretical progress, which was later extended and transferred to the whole of history. Although it is possible to raise a number of objections aimed at the details of Blumenberg’s conception, his ideas still remain a fascinating and inspiring example of an historical approach to philosophy.
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Matthias Riedl
Matthias Riedl
Living in the Future – Proleptic Existence in Religion, Politics and Art
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The essay introduces the concept of “proleptic existence” which denotes a psychological disposition determined by the anticipation (prolepsis) of the future. The first historical evidence for this type is found in the apocalyptic literature of the Greco-Roman period. As these texts clearly show, the proleptic expectation of a future transformation of the world results from a complete alienation from political reality. Consequently, proleptic existence becomes articulate in visionary accounts of a coming order, which predicts the reconciliation of individual consciousness and social order. The essay presents examples from ancient apocalypticism, early Christianity, medieval monasticism, and modern art in order to show how proleptic existence becomes a formative feature of Western society.
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Jiří Gabriel
Jiří Gabriel
J. L. Fischer in 1945–1948
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The article is a contribution to the theme of „Czech Philosophers in 1945–1948“. It concerns the work in which J. L. Fischer further developed his system of hierarchical philosophy as well as his (at the time dominant) pedagogical, lecturing and organizational activities: he was the dean of the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University between 1945–1946 and the rector of the new Palacký University in Olomouc between 1946–1949. The article also discusses Fischer´s attempts to influence the contemporary debate on the reform of Czech educational system.
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Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant
Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason
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In this number of the Studia Philosophica journal, we present a translation of the first chapter of Kant´s work Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft (1793). It is a late work of Kant’s in which he summarizes and systematizes his philosophy of religion. This work resulted in Kant being banned from writing and lecturing on all issues related to religion. Today, the work is not considered outrageous or scandalous any more. It is rather seen as the first attempt to found religion on pure practical reason, not church regulations. One of the best pieces of evidence for this effort is the famous first chapter of the work, which focuses on what is called radical evil in man.
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Karel Mácha
Karel Mácha
The Crossroads of Life
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The work takes up Antonín Jeřábek’s book of interviews with Karel Mácha (On the Truth of History), published to celebrate the jubilee of this Czech philosopher living in Germany since 1978. It supplements in some respects the picture of Mácha’s personal relationship with Czech philosophy and history.
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Břetislav Horyna
Břetislav Horyna
Od zneuznání ke spravedlnosti. Kritická teorie globální společnosti a politiky
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Ivana Holzbachová
Ivana Holzbachová
Filosofický význam současné ekologické krize
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