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Displaying: 1-20 of 130 documents


1. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
Melissa S. Baucus, Paula L. Rechner

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We develop a dynamic model which addresses cognitive processes that precede moral reasoning. Our model emphasizes framing-the initial process an individual uses to determine whether a decision has an ethical component-and reframing, an iterative process through which an individual may seek out and consider alternative viewpoints prior to moral reasoning. The role of both conscious , and automatic processing are considered. We highlight the influence of critical contextual factors as well as the effects of selfawareness, moral empathy, and past experience.

2. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
Daniel J. Brass, Kenneth D. Butterfield, Bruce C. Skaggs

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Past approaches to the study of moral behavior have ranged from being purely psychological, to purely sociological, to a combination of these two perspectives. Though these approaches have served to increase our knowledge on the subject of moral behavior, we believe that the application of a social network perspective will further enhance our understanding of this subject. In what follows, we use a social network perspective to generate a number of propositions concerning ethical and unethical behavior, after which we demonstrate how this perspective can complement various social-psychological approaches used in the study of this field.

3. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
Kathryn Balstad Brewer

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Workplace separatism is considered through a study of executive level professional women who have consciously restructured their worklife outside of large organizations. An individualistic theory of separatism based upon cultural and self representations of gender is developed.

4. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
Rogene A. Buchholz

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This paper reeaximines the fact-value distinction, a subject that has been a controversy in philosophy for many years but has recently resurfaced in the business ethics field in the distinction being made between normative and empirical business ethics. This distinction is questioned from the perpsective of American prgamatism which has a unique outlook on science and scientific method.

5. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
Bobbin Derry, Jesse Taylor

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We review the lessons about gender bias in the Kohlberg-Gilligan debate and consider the relevance of these lessons for recognizing the phenomenon of racism in research. The differences between sexism and racialism in our society are powerful and must be understood as distinct, yet perhaps inextricable forms of oppression. In conclusion we propose components to build into future research methods in the hope of reducing discrimination in theory building.

6. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
John W. Dienhart

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This paper has two sections. In Part I, I argue that deontic and utilitarian ethical theories, the traditional views used to evaluate business, rely on a foundation of four related beliefs. I argue that these foundational beliefs are not obviously true and that they make the field of business ethics more difficult than it needs to be. In Part II, I use stakeholder and integrative social contract theories to illustrate how a pluralistic ethical theory that does not incorporate these four beliefs has practical, pedagogic, and theoretical advantages over the traditional approach.

7. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
John Dobson

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Here I apply the tenets of Virtue Ethics Theory to the concept of professionalism. A succinct definition of the 'true' professional emerges. Once defined, this professionalism concept is viewed in the light of business activity, I find the fit to be a poor one, and conclude therefrom that Virtue Ethics Theory has little to contribute to applied business ethics. Business people are not true professionals.

8. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
Gabriel Donleavy

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The purpose of this paper is to present parallels between the eclipse of the grand narrative of ancient Rome by the deconstuctive barbarian postclassicists and the eclipse of the grand narrative of the modernist Rationality project in its managerial form by deconstructive iconoclastic postmodernists: but to do so in such a way as to raise the question whether a new grand narrative could emerge from the ruins of Modernity that echoes the emergence of the feudal grand narrative from the ruins of Rome.

9. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
Craig P. Dunn, F. Neil Brady

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The current review focuses upon stakeholder literature grounded within ethical theory. This review offers a chronology of attempts at ethical justification and legitimation of stakeholder interests from deontology and utilitarianism-including the pragmatic approaches of the economist and the politician-through justice and virtue theory and finally to more contemporary notions of relational and particularist moral perspectives.

10. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
Terry Morehead Dworkin, Janet P. Near, Elletta Sangrey Callahan

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In this paper, we present interview data from executive informants from 15 firms to assess the availability of internal procedures for reporting wrongdoing. Qualitative analyses suggest that such procedures are widely used and that they were usually established because of legal pressures or because they fit the overall organizational ethical climate. From a legal perspective, however, some of these procedures are not effective.

11. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
Carolyn B. Erdener, Craig P. Dunn

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As the field of Business Ethics moves towards developing a more international perspective, it is useful to consider the work that has been carried out in Comparative Management over the past thirty years. This paper outlines the contribution that Comparative Management can make to the cross-national and cross-cultural study of Business Ethics. Integrative Social Contracts Theory is introduced as a relevant conceptual framework (Donaldson & Dunfee, 1994).

12. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
James W. Evans

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This paper presents the results of a survey of U.S. and German executives asked to define business ethics. 900 questionnaires were distributed, 522 returned. Data were analyzed by content analysis. Results show national and gender differences.

13. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
Ray Jones

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How do firms behave when faced with unethical societal expectations? In order to answer this question, a review of relevant literature in corporate social performance will be conducted, and a typology of behavioral responses to unethical social expectations will be presented. This typology will be used to analyze the behavior of Oskar Schindler and Alfried Krupp to show the wide range of possible responses to unethical social expectations.

14. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
Robert E. Jones, K. Michelle Jones

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This paper compares the responses of individuals to ethical dilemmas which affect their culture with ethical dilemmas which affect other cultures. Responses to scenarios involving bribery and personal harm were collected from Irish and Spanish graduate business students and analyzed. The results lend partial support to Jones’ (1991) issue-contingent model of ethical decision making.

15. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
John Kaler

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The paper uses a typology first proposed by Ronald Dore to analyse different concepts of the nature and function of the business company. The typology is that of the company as (1) "property", as (2) a managerial community", as (3) an “employee community", and as (4) an “arena" for competing interest groups. It is argued that the morally preferable option is the employee community one.

16. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
John P. Keenan

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A whistleblowing survey was completed by 725 executives and managers. Types of wrongdoing are examined with a special focus on managerial differences with respect to blowing the whistle on minor, less serious forms of fraud or wrongdoing such as using an official position for personal benefits, granting of unfair advantages to outsiders, waste by purchases of unnecessary/deficient goods or services, and waste caused by bad management. Methods employed in the study include one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA), two-group mean difference t-tests, and multiple regression analyses involving a variety of individual, organizational, and moral perception variables related to whistleblowing. Study findings indicate that upper-level managers, followed by middle-level, and then first-level managers are more willing to blow the whistle on minor, less serious forms of fraud and wrongdoing. Findings also suggest that an individual's likelihood of blowing the whistle on minor, less serious forms of fraud or wrongdoing is quite differently explained by managerial level.

17. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
James J. Kennelly

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This paper reviews stakeholder theories, concepts, and models from a "new science" perspective, utilizing insights generated by work in quantum physics, chaos theory and self-organizing systems theory. It argues that stakeholder theories and models may be enriched through an appreciation for and utilization of the metaphors and heuristics highlighted by new discoveries in the physical sciences. Particularly important may be a focus on relationships rather than objects, on self-organization rather than structures, and on the value of paradox and surprise rather than management and control.

18. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
John Kohls, Paul Buller, Ken Anderson

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This paper presents a preliminary investigation of the utility of a decision tree model for resolving crosscultural ethical conflicts. The results of the study suggested that exposure to the model led decision makers to recommend more complex solutions to conflict situations. The study also found that providing specific alternative solutions to the decision maker enhanced the flexibility, complexity, and appropriateness of recommended solutions to cross-cultural conflict.

19. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
David A. Krueger

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This paper develops portions of a Christian ethical vision of the role of the business corporation in the global market economy. I argue that the purpose of business corporations is to generate wealth in the service of the common good—understood as an ecologically sustainable global civil society. Toward this end, I propose four ethical criteria to judge the practice of business corporations: (1) that its products are beneficial and not harmful to users and society, (2) that in its internal and external relations, it adhere to basic standards of justice, defined especially in terms of respect for human rights, (3) that it support the creation and effective administration of appropriate countervailing institutions (e.g., democratic governments, regulatory agencies, NGOs) whose combined efforts aim to realize the well-functioning of civil society, and (4) that its activities aim toward environmental sustainability.

20. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society: 1995
Petri Laine

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In this paper the concept of social responsibility in banking is approached from the perspective of three schools of social responsibility in business. Different schools are linked with the theory of banking. Strategic aspects in bankig are given special emphasis, and finally an attempt is made to form a common model or framework.